Chapter 23, Problem 23.63SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equation for the reaction of p-dichlorobenzene with $B{r}_{\text{2}}\text{and}FeB{r}_3\text{catalyst}$ has to be written.

Concept introduction:

P-Dichlorobenzene is an aromatic molecule consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms.

In halogenation reaction, aromatic compound (benzene) reacts with $C{l}_{2}orB{r}_2$ in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as $FeC{l}_3$ or $FeB{r}_3$ to give the aryl halides of chlorobenzene or bromo benzene respectively.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equation for the reaction of p-dichlorobenzene with ${\text{HNO}}_{\text{3}}\text{and}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{SO}}_{\text{4}}\text{catalyst}$ has to be written.

Concept introduction:

P-Dichlorobenzene is an aromatic molecule consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms.

Nitration is a general chemical process for the introduction of a nitro group into a chemical compound.

The combination of nitric acid and sulfuric acid (Nitrating mixture) produces nitronium ion $\left(N{O}_2^{+}\right)$, a powerful electrophile. The reaction of benzene and nitric acid and sulfuric acid (Nitrating mixture) produces nitrobenzene.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The equation for the reaction of p-dichlorobenzene with $C{l}_{\text{2}}\text{and}FeC{l}_3\text{catalyst}$ has to be written.

Concept introduction:

P-Dichlorobenzene is an aromatic molecule consists of a benzene ring with two chlorine atoms.

In halogenation reaction, aromatic compound (benzene) reacts with $C{l}_{2}orB{r}_2$ in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as $FeC{l}_3$ or $FeB{r}_3$ to give the aryl halides of chlorobenzene or bromo benzene respectively.