Chapter 23, Problem 23.81SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given carbohydrate should be classified by indicating the nature of its carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms present.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and they the polyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones or compounds which produce them on hydrolysis.

Carbohydrates with aldehyde as their most oxidized functional group are called aldoses, whereas those with a ketone as their most oxidized functional group are called ketose. So the aldo and keto prefixes identify the nature of the carbonyl group. And the –ose suffix designates a carbohydrate.

Number of carbons in the carbohydrate indicated by root like tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- .

Some carbohydrates are listed below depend on the number of carbon atoms and the nature of carbonyl group in it.

$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Carbon}\text{atoms}& \text{General}\text{terms}& \text{Aldehydes}& \text{Ketones}\\ \text{3}& \text{Triose}& \text{Aldotriose}& \text{Ketotriose}\\ \text{4}& \text{Tetrose}& \text{Aldotetrose}& \text{Ketotetrose}\\ \text{5}& \text{Pentose}& \text{Aldopentose}& \text{Ketopentose}\\ \text{6}& \text{Hexose}& \text{Aldohexose}& \text{Ketohexose}\\ \text{7}& \text{Heptose}& \text{Aldoheptose}& \text{Ketoheptose}\end{array}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given carbohydrate should be classified by indicating the nature of its carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms present.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and they the polyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones or compounds which produce them on hydrolysis.

Carbohydrates with aldehyde as their most oxidized functional group are called aldoses, whereas those with a keto as their most oxidized functional group are called ketose. So the aldo and keto prefixes identify the nature of the carbonyl group. And the –ose suffix designates a carbohydrate.

Number of carbons in the carbohydrate indicated by root like tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- ..

Some carbohydrates are listed below depend on the number of carbon atoms and the nature of carbonyl group in it.

$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Carbon}\text{atoms}& \text{General}\text{terms}& \text{Aldehydes}& \text{Ketones}\\ \text{3}& \text{Triose}& \text{Aldotriose}& \text{Ketotriose}\\ \text{4}& \text{Tetrose}& \text{Aldotetrose}& \text{Ketotetrose}\\ \text{5}& \text{Pentose}& \text{Aldopentose}& \text{Ketopentose}\\ \text{6}& \text{Hexose}& \text{Aldohexose}& \text{Ketohexose}\\ \text{7}& \text{Heptose}& \text{Aldoheptose}& \text{Ketoheptose}\end{array}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given carbohydrate should be classified by indicating the nature of its carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms present.

Concept introduction:

Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon and they the polyhydroxyaldehydes or ketones or compounds which produce them on hydrolysis.

Carbohydrates with aldehyde as their most oxidized functional group are called aldoses, whereas those with a keto as their most oxidized functional group are called ketose. So the aldo and keto prefixes identify the nature of the carbonyl group. And the –ose suffix designates a carbohydrate.

Number of carbons in the carbohydrate indicated by root like tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa- ..

Some carbohydrates are listed below depend on the number of carbon atoms and the nature of carbonyl group in it.

$\begin{array}{cccc}\text{Carbon}\text{atoms}& \text{General}\text{terms}& \text{Aldehydes}& \text{Ketones}\\ \text{3}& \text{Triose}& \text{Aldotriose}& \text{Ketotriose}\\ \text{4}& \text{Tetrose}& \text{Aldotetrose}& \text{Ketotetrose}\\ \text{5}& \text{Pentose}& \text{Aldopentose}& \text{Ketopentose}\\ \text{6}& \text{Hexose}& \text{Aldohexose}& \text{Ketohexose}\\ \text{7}& \text{Heptose}& \text{Aldoheptose}& \text{Ketoheptose}\end{array}$