Chapter 26, Problem 26.9P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed and product formed is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction in which an atom of aromatic system is replaced by an electrophile is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Nitration reaction is an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. In this reaction nitronium ion acts as the electrophile. Nitronium ion is a very strong electrophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed and product formed is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The reaction in which an atom of aromatic system is replaced by an electrophile is known as electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. Acetic anhydride also gives electrophilic substitution reaction. The furan has $\text{C-2}\text{and}\text{C-5}$ carbons which are activated for electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed and product formed is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Aldol condensation reaction takes place in the carbonyl compounds which contains $\alpha -$

hydrogen atom. The condensation reaction takes place between enolate ion and carbonyl compound to form a $\text{β-hydroxy}\text{carbonyl}\text{compound}$. Aldol condensation reaction takes place in the presence of base.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The given reaction is to be completed and product formed is to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

$\text{N-bromosuccinamide}$ is a brominating agent. It gives electrophilic substitution and radical substitution reaction. In the presence of light radical substitution takes place and in presence of heat electrophilic substitution takes place. $\text{N-bromosuccinamide}$ is a very good source of bromine radical.