Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Depending on the number and type of hydrogen nonhydrogen atoms in the given compound and its IHD, the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
(b)
Interpretation:
Depending on the number and type of hydrogen nonhydrogen atoms in the given compound and its IHD, the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
(c)
Interpretation:
Depending on the number and type of hydrogen nonhydrogen atoms in the given compound and its IHD, the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
(d)
Interpretation:
Depending on the number and type of hydrogen nonhydrogen atoms in the given compound and its IHD, the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
(e)
Interpretation:
Depending on the number and type of hydrogen nonhydrogen atoms in the given compound and its IHD, the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
(f)
Interpretation:
Depending on the number and type of hydrogen nonhydrogen atoms in the given compound and its IHD, the number of hydrogen atoms in each compound is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule is the extent to which the molecule is unsaturated. It is half the number of hydrogen atoms missing from the molecule as compared to a completely saturated molecule. The contribution of each double bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. The contribution of each triple bond in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 2. The contribution of each ring in a molecule to the molecule’s index of hydrogen deficiency is 1. If a molecule is saturated and has no rings, double bonds, and triple bonds, its index of hydrogen deficiency is 0.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY E-BOOK W/SMARTWORK5
- From the data in Figure 4-12 and Table 4-1, estimate the percentages of molecules that have their substituents in an axial orientation for the following compounds: (a) Isopropylcyclohexane (b) Fluorocyclohexane (c) Cyclohexanecarbonitrile, C6H11CNarrow_forward2 Q: Consider the following compound: CH3-CH2-CO-CH3 a. suggest a method for increasing the number of carbons by one: b. suggest a method for decreasing the number of carbons by one:arrow_forwardhow many 13C singal are expected for each of the following compounds?arrow_forward
- Please write the answer clearly with the state of matter following each compound.arrow_forwardHow many kinds of H’s are there in the isomers of dimethylcyclopropane? Draw theirstructures and assign the different protons as a, b, c, etc.arrow_forwardIs it possible for a gasoline to have an octane numberexceeding 100? Explain.arrow_forward
- Make a continuous model for C4H10 by using 4 black 4 hole carbon atoms, 10 white one hole hydrogen atoms, and 13 pink bonds. Then write in wedge dash notation C4H10 and add in missing hydrogen atoms.arrow_forwardKnowing that cyclohexane and hexene are isomers, suggest 2 methods allowing their separation.arrow_forwarda. For each disubstituted cyclohexane below, draw its ring-flip isomer. Circle the most stable conformation and label the substituent groups as axial or equatorial. ( see image) b.Draw and name the seven constitutional isomers (all contain a ring of some size) for cycloalkane, C6H12.arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning