Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 6, Problem 9Q
Summary Introduction
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The
Introduction:
Several drugs are used to treat various diseases and have varying metabolic pathways. The isoniazid drug is used to treat patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Various drugs have a specific metabolic effect on different patients.
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Which of the following terms describes the body's ability to maintain its normal state?
(A) Anabolism
(B) Catabolism
(C) Tolerance
(D) Homeostasis
(E) Metabolism
Homeostatic systems maintain a steady-state set point over time using negative feedback. Which one of the following statement is NOT TRUE for stability of metabolic system:
Select one:
a. Step changes in a controlled variable will return the system to its original state using negative feedback
b. Metabolic systems that oscillate must have multiple control variables
c.A positive feedback system is stable over time, maintaining a steady state
d. Perturbations from steady state, either positive or negative, result in recovery reactions that returm the system to is original state.
Explain how the control of metabolism is a good example of the general principle of physiology?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 6 - Prob. 1QCh. 6 - Prob. 2QCh. 6 - Prob. 3QCh. 6 - Prob. 4QCh. 6 - Prob. 5QCh. 6 - Prob. 6QCh. 6 - Prob. 7QCh. 6 - Prob. 8QCh. 6 - Prob. 9QCh. 6 - Prob. 1RQ
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- The hormone insulin enhances the transport of glucose (sugar) from the blood into most body cells. Its secretion is controlled by a negative-feedback system between the concentration of glucose in the blood and the insulin-secreting cells. Therefore, which of the following statements is correct? A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further towers blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn lowers blood glucose concentration. A decrease in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn increases blood glucose concentration. An increase in blood glucose concentration stimulates insulin secretion, which in turn further increases blood glucose concentration. None of the preceding is correct.arrow_forward_________ controls are inherent to an organ, whereas _________ controls are regulatory mechanisms initiated outside an organ that alter the activity of the organ.arrow_forwardDefine metabolism and give examplesarrow_forward
- A recent newspaper article described a new bottled water that is “super charged” with oxygen. Since the body’s demand for oxygen increases as physical exertion increases, a university athletic coach thought that giving her athletes this oxygenated water would result in better performances. To test this idea, the coach divided her runners up into two groups. During practice, one group was given the super charged, oxygenated water to drink. The other group was given regular water. Both groups completed the same workout and drank the same amount of water (either oxygenated or unoxygenated). At the end of practice, she had all the athletes run 400 meters as fast as they could. She compared the times of the runners who had consumed regular water to those who had consumed the oxygenated water during practice. The coach found that the average time of the oxygenated water drinkers was significantly faster than that of the runners who had consumed regular water during practice. Which of…arrow_forwardDefine metabolism and differentiate its two types.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most comprehensive definition of metabolism in living organisms? Metabolism manages the increase in entropy in an organism Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism Metabolism refers to the sum of all biochemical pathways involved in the synthesis of macromolecules Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from foodarrow_forward
- During the production of the amino acid tryptophan, the final product (tryptophan) slows the process when it is found in high levels (high supply, low demand) in the cell by binding to an enzyme in the metabolic pathway. When tryptophan is at low levels in the cell (low supply, high demand), it is released from the enzyme and the production process increases. This is an example of positive feedback irreversible inhibition competitive inhibition feedback inhibition noncompetitive inhibitionarrow_forwardWhich of the statements about the use of chemical energy for biological functions is INCORRECT? A) Some chemical energy is used for metabolic maintenance B)Some chemical energy is used to manufacture molecular and cellular components C) Some chemical energy is irreversibly lost in the form of heat D) All manufactured molecular and cellular components are kept by the animal itself E) The three major types of physiological work done are biosynthesis, maintenance, and external workarrow_forwardselect all of the processes from below which describe changes which are independent of the path by which the change occurs. the elevation increase experienced by a traveller travelling from Grand Isle, LA to Denver, Coloradothe work generated by the body of an athlete as it metabolizes the sucrose in a cube of sugarthe heat generated by the body of a student during a chemistry examthe work accomplished in burning a gallon of gasolinethe energy evolved when a cube of sugar is oxidized to CO2(g) and H2O(g)the latitude increase experienced by a traveller travelling from Baton Rouge, LA to Anchorage, Alaskathe number of rotations the earth undergoes over a specified period of timearrow_forward
- Catabolism is a form of metabolism in which _________ molecules aretransformed into ________ molecules.a. larger, smaller b. smaller, larger c. amino acid, protein d. glucose, starcharrow_forwardWhich of the following regulatory methods could never increase enzyme activity? phosphate removal by a phosphatase phosphate addition by a kinase allosteric regulation negative feedback positive feedbackarrow_forwardGluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that is mainly active in ________ (read all of the choices and pick the best answer). a. liver b. kidney c. brain d. skeletal muscle e. both a and b are correct answersarrow_forward
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