Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The air emission and energy consumption per
Concept introduction:
Air emission is the measure of the amount of pollutants released in the air during any process. These air pollutants can damage the quality of air. Energy consumption is the amount of energy used during a process.
(b)
Interpretation:
The air emission and energy consumption per
Concept introduction:
Air emission is the measure of the amount of pollutants released in the air during any process. These air pollutants can damage the quality of air. Energy consumption is the amount of energy used during a process.
(c)
Interpretation:
The number of grocery sacks used in a day in the United States is to be estimated. The average rate of energy consumption associated with the production, use, and disposal of these sacks is to be calculated. The amount of
Concept introduction:
Air emission is the measure of the amount of pollutants released in the air during any process. These air pollutants can damage the quality of air. Energy consumption is the amount of energy used during a process.
(d)
Interpretation:
The important factors that were not taken into account in making the given decision, including considerations of the potential environmental impact of each type of bag is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Air emission is the measure of the amount of pollutants released in the air during any process. These air pollutants can damage the quality of air. Energy consumption is the amount of energy used during a process.
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EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- Some solar-heated homes use large beds of rocks to store heat. (a) How much heat is absorbed by 100.0 kg of rocks if their temperature increases by 12C? (Assume that c=0.82J/gC.) (b) Assume that the rock pile has total surface area 2 m2. At maximum intensity near the earth's surface, solar power is about 170 watts/m2. (1watt=1J/s.) How many minutes will it take for solar power to produce the 12C increase in part (a)?arrow_forwardBefore the introduction of chlorofluorocarbons, sulfur dioxide (enthalpy of vaporization, 6.00 kcal/mol) was used in household refrigerators. What mass of SO2 must be evaporated to remove as much heat as evaporation of 1.00 kg of CC12F2 (enthalpy of vaporization is 17.4 kJ/mol)? The vaporization reactions for SO2 and are SO2(l)SO2(g) and CCl2F(l)CCl2F2(g), respectively.arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structures and give the electron-region geometry, molecular geometry, and bond angles, and the hybridization of the central atom of these polyatomic ions and molecules. (a) BrF2+ (b) OCCl2 (c) CH3+ (d) SeCS (e) CH3arrow_forward
- Ethylene (CH₂CH₂) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 × 10¹0 kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 80.0 L reaction tank with 14.0 atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 850. °C. He believes K₂=0.60 at this temperature. alo Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Ar Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of K, and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what he actually observes. % 0x₁…arrow_forwardEthylene (CH2CH2) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 x 1010kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 30.0L reaction tank with 24.0atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 800.°C. He believes Kp= 0.040 at this temperature. Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of Kp, and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what he actually observes.arrow_forward5:00 D 9 …. 46 31 YouTube • Now Watch ABS-CBN Entertainment live in .. Kapamilya Daily Mass: March 23, 2021 1. Titanium (Ti) is an important material in manufacturing airplane engines and frames. It is obtained from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), prepared from titanium dioxide, carbon, and chlorine through the following reaction: 3TIO2(5) + 4C(s) +6C2(g) à 3TIC4(9) 2CO2(9) + 2CO(g) а. If the reactor contains 11.34 g C, 13.56 g Cl2, and 8.3 g TIO2, identify the limiting reagent. b. Compute the theoretical yield of TICIĄ. After the actual experiment, the reaction produces 13.48 g TiCl4. What is the percent yield of TiCl4?arrow_forward
- The most extensively used organic compound in the chemical industry is ethene (C,H4). The two equations C2H4(g) + Cl2 (g) 2CH¾C1½(g) C2H4CI2 (g)=C2H;Cl(g) + HCl(g) represent the way in which vinyl chloride (C,H;CI) is syn- thesized for eventual use in polymeric plastics (polyvinyl chloride, PVC). The byproduct of the reaction, HCI, is now most cheaply made by this and similar reactions, rathcr than by dircct combination of H, and Cl2. Hcat is given off in the first reaction and taken up in the second. Describe how you would design an industrial process to maximize the yield of vinyl chloride.arrow_forwardEthylene (CH₂CH₂) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 × 100 kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 50.0 L reaction tank with 20.0 atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 600. °C. She believes K = 0.70 at this temperature. р alo Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Ar Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of K, and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what she actually observes. %…arrow_forwardA commercial 737 jet transporting 143 passengers and 5 crew members from Kansas city (MCI) to Baltimore (BWI) burned 11800 lb. of Jet A fuel. Jet A fuel is kerosene based, consisting primarily of CnH2n+2 hydrocarbons, with n = 6 to 16, so the Carbon:Hydrogen ratio is close to 1:2. During this flight , how much CO2 (in kg) was released into the atmosphere? (assume the combustion of fuel was complete, so all fuel was converted into H2O and CO2).arrow_forward
- Ili 00 Freon-12 (CF,Cl), widely used as a refrigerant and aerosol propellant, is a dangerous air pollutant. In the troposphere, it traps heat 25 times as effectively as CO2, and in the stratosphere, it participates in the breakdown of ozone. Freon-12 is prepared industrially by reaction of gaseous carbon tetrachloride with hy drogen fluoride. Hydrogen chloride gas also forms. How many grams of carbon tetrachloride are required for the production of 52.6 dm of Freon-12 at 26°C and 1.38 atm? g CCl, %24 6) (NO narrow_forwardEthylene (CH₂CH₂) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 × 10¹0 kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH₂CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 35.0 L reaction tank with 35.0 atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 400. °C. He believes K₂=0.20 at this temperature. Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of Kp and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what he actually observes.arrow_forwardreading: The accelerometer keeps track of how quickly the speed of your vehicle is changing. When your car hits another car—or wall or telephone pole or deer—the accelerometer triggers the circuit. The circuit then sends an electrical current through the heating element, which is kind of like the ones in your toaster, except it heats up a whole lot quicker. This ignites the charge which prompts a decomposition reaction that fills the deflated nylon airbag (packed in your steering column, dashboard or car door) at about 200 miles per hour. The whole process takes a mere 1/25 of a second. The bag itself has tiny holes that begin releasing the gas as soon as it’s filled. The goal is for the bag to be deflating by time your head hits it. That way it absorbs the impact, rather than your head bouncing back off the fully inflated airbag and causing you the sort of whiplash that could break your neck. Sometimes a puff of white powder comes out of the bag. That’s cornstarch or talcum powder to…arrow_forward
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