(b)
Interpretation:
A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.
(c)
Interpretation:
A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.
(d)
Interpretation:
A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.
(e)
Interpretation:
A system is to be defined and the open-system energy balance for each case is to be simplified. Whether the nonzero heat and shaft work terms are positive or negative is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
A system in which there exchange of matter as well as energy between the system and its surroundings is known as an open system. Due to increase or decrease in the mass of the overall system, the energy stored inside the system may also change.
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Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- A heat engine does work as a result of extracting energy as heat from the hot source and discarding some of it into the cold sink. Such an engine can also be used as a heat pump in which heat is extracted from a cold source; some work is done on the engine and thereby converted to heat which is added to that from the cold source before being discarded into the hot sink. (a) Assuming that the engine is perfect and that the heat transfers are reversible, use the Second Law to explain why it is not possible for heat to be extracted from the cold source and discarded into the hot sink without some work being done on the engine. (b) Assume that the hot sink is at temperature Th and the cold source at Tc, and that heat of magnitude |q| is extracted from the cold source. Use the Second Law to find the magnitude of the work |w| needed to make it possible for heat of magnitude |q| + |w| to be discarded into the hot sink.arrow_forwardThe molar heat capacity (Cp (T)) for iron is given by the following Shomate equation, and P,m is valid between 298-700 K, 0.012643 Cp.m (T)=| 18.42+24.64T – 8.914T² +9.665T³ - J mol K- P,m Calculate AH when heating 1 g of Fe from 200-250°C.arrow_forwardA piston/cylinder arrangement contains one mole of an ideal gas (the system) initially at 10.0 atm pressure and 300 K, as shown in the accompanying illustration. Neglecting the mass of the piston, neglecting friction, and assuming isothermal conditions throughout, the pin restraining the piston is removed. For the resulting process: (g = 9.807 m sR7) (a) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is zero? (b) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is 100 kg? (c) What is qsyst if the mass of the weight is 1017.4 kg?arrow_forward
- 3. Heat capacities are usually given in terms of polynomial functions of temperature. The equation for the heat capacity of an ionic liquid is where T(R) and Cp (Btu Ibmol-1 R-1). Cp = 8.448 + 0.5757 × 10-2T+7.693 × 10-³ T log(0.325 T) (a) Determine the units of the constants (b) Develop an equation to calculate Cp in (Jxgmol-¹xK-1) as a function of Tin K. Express the coefficients in scientific notation and in four (4) significant figures.arrow_forward2.) Two bodies A and B with constant total heat capacities Cen and Cpe and chfferent imitial tom pevatu res Tao heat witu each other wncer is bleeric and TB, exchange condiitions. No heat is trausfered to or from the Surran dings and the tomp. 6f both bodies are assured Uniform at all times aud the process is ireversible. a) Derive an expression for dhe total entropy chauge of the finotion of temp. tuo losdies as a 6) what is The eguililoviuus temp. of the systeen?arrow_forward5.(a) A Carnot Engine absorbed 1 kJ of heat at 300 K, and exhausted 400 J of heat at the end of the cycle. What is the temperature at the end of the cycle? (b) Calculate the Carnot Engine efficiency if the temperature of hot side is 600 K and the temperature on cold sink is 400K.arrow_forward
- Calculate AH and AStot when two copper blocks, each of mass 10.0 kg, one at 100°C and the other at 0°C, are placed in contact in an isolated container. The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J K+ g -1 -1 and may be assumed constant over the temperature range involved.arrow_forward(g) Enthalpy change of a constant-pressure heating process can be calculated from heat ca- pacity as follows: AH = H(T2) – H(T1) = CpmdT %3D Determine a general expression for AH that you expect to be valid over the domain of the fitted data. (h) What is AH for the constant pressure heating of methane from 200 K to 500 K? (1) Assuming an average value of heat capacity over this tetmperature range (take the value at T= 350 K) and that beat capacity is temperature-independent, how would your answer differ from the one calculated above? That is, is a temperature-independent heat capacity a reasonable assumption (for this problem)?arrow_forward3/5 Understanding the definitions of heat and work A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The 1 atm pressure cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) piston cylinder From previous experiments, this chemical reaction is known to release 354. kJ of energy. water bath The position of the piston is monitored, and it is determined from this data that the piston does 256. kJ of work on the gases system during the reaction. O exothermic Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? O endothermic O up Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? O down O neither O in Does the piston move in or out? O out O neither O in Does heat flow into or out of the gas mixture? O out neither How much heat flows? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant…arrow_forward
- Ammonia (an ideal gas) is containted in a 1.5 cubic meter piston. Initially it is 200 kPa, 20C but it is compressed to 40C (at a constant pressure). During this process, 1500 kJ of heat is rejected to the 20C surrounding and 750 kJ of work is done Is this process possible?arrow_forward10 g of a piece of metal is taken by a student to find its specific heat capacity. Metal is tied with a string and suspended it aboveboiling water that is at 100 °C. Sufficient time is allowed for metal to reach the temperature of boiling water. Also, with agraduated cylinder, 10 ml of distilled water is transferred in a test tube and its temperature is measured as 25 °C. After 10minutes, metal which is over the boiling water is taken and put into water that is in the test tube. 5 minutes later, temperature ofwater in the test tube is measured as 32 °C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of metal. (Specific heat capacity of water is4.18 J/g. °C and density of water is 1 g/ml)arrow_forwardesc A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1 atm. The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 319. kJ of heat flows out of the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the system does 293. kJ of work on the piston during the reaction. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? Does the piston move in or out? Does the reaction absorb or release energy? How much energy does the reaction absorb or release? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. Explanation Check O exothermic 80 ο οο ο ο ο ο ο 000 O endothermic Oup Odown…arrow_forward
- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning