Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Using the Bernoulli’s equation, the ethanol discharge velocity and flow rate in L/min should be estimated.
Concept introduction:
Suppose liquid surface in the tank is at point 1 and discharged point is at point 2.
Now, apply Bernoulli equation at point 1 and 2
Where
P1 & P2 are pressure at section 1 and 2.
V1 & V2 are velocity at section 1 and 2.
z1 & z2 are the elevation from the horizontal at section 1 and 2.
hf is the frictional losses
(b)
Interpretation:
When the discharge is partially closed, the flow rate decreases, which means that
Concept introduction:
Following assumptions are made in the derivation of Bernoulli’s equation:
- The liquid is ideal and incompressible.
- The flow is at steady state and continuous.
- The flow is along the streamline.
- The velocity is uniform over the section and is equal to the mean velocity.
- The only force acting on the fluid are gravity forces and the pressure forces.
Now apply Bernoulli equation at point 1 and 2.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 7 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- 1. 0.45 kg of carbon monoxide (28) and 1 kg of air at 15°C are contained in a vessel of volume 0.4 m'. Calculate the partial pressure of each constituent and the total pressure in the vessel. The gravimetric analysis of air is to be taken as 23.3% oxygen (32) and 76.7% nitrogen (28). IAns. Po, = 0.4359 bar; PN, = 1.64 bar, Poo = 0.962 bar]arrow_forwardLiquid benzene is contained at 298K in a 2 cm diameter glass tube and maintained at a level 5 cm below the top of the tube, which is open to atmosphere. The following properties of benzene are given: 1) Boiling temperature is 353K at 1 atm. 2) MW of benzene is 78.108 kg/kmol. 3) hfg is 393 kJ/kg at 353K. 4) Density is 879 kg/m^3 5) Diffusivity rate (D) is 0.88x10^-5 m^2/s at 298K. Determine the following: A) The mass evaporation rate of benzene knowing that Psat is 0.145 atm and Yf at infinity is zero B) How long does it take to evaporate 0.5 cm^3 of benzenearrow_forward(a) Water supplies are often treated with chlorine as one of the processing steps in treating wastewater. Estimate the liquid diffusion coefficient of chlorine in an infinitely dilute solution of water at 289 K using the Wilke-Chang equation. (b) Estimate the liquid diffusivity of the following solutes that are transferred through dilute solutions: (i) oxygen in water at 18ºC; (ii) CO2 in water at 25ºC.arrow_forward
- Estimate the density of liquid ethanol at 180°C and 200 bar. Estimate the volume change of vaporization for ammonia at 20°C. At this temperature the vapor pressure of ammonia is 857 kPa.arrow_forwardWhat is meant by Centrifugation and How to calculate a desire RCF and rpm for the separation of mixture of liquids?arrow_forward(c) An air water vapor mixture has a dry bulb temperature of 50 °C and absolute molal humidity 0.0386 kmole water vapor/ kmole dry air. Using the psychrometric chart determine the psychrometric properties of the mixture. The vapor pressure of water at 50 °C is 92.51 mmHg.arrow_forward
- 1. (Hw) A cylinder with a piston contains 0.25 mol of nitrogen at 1.80 x 10'Pa and 300 K. The nitrogen may be treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed isobarically to half its original volume. It then expands adiabatically back to its original volume, and finally it is heated isochorically to its original pressure. (a) Show the series of processes in a pV-diagram. (b) Compute the temperature at the beginning and end of the adiabatic expansion. (c) Compute the minimum pressure.arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction CS2(9) + 302(9) – CO2(9) + 2SO2(g) A mixture containing only CS2(g) and excess O2(g) at a total pressure of 100 kPa is placed in a sealed vessel. After the reaction is completed and the vessel is cooled to the initial temperature, the total pressure in the vessel drops to 80 kPa. What was the mole fraction of CS2(g) in the initial mixture? A. 0.80 B. 0.50 C. 0.20 D. 0.75 E. 0.25arrow_forwardCalculate the total mass of precipitable water (the answer in tons) in the saturated air column 9.5 km high above 4.8 km2 (square kilometers) of the ground surface. The surface pressure is 101.2 kPa, the surface air temperature is 23 °C, and the lapse rate is 6.1°C/km. Taking the increment in elevation by 1.5 km, the gas constant Ra can be considered as 287 J/kg-K. A) 251941.114 B) 219425.876 C) 941251.411 D) 114941.251 E) None of the abovearrow_forward
- 20. A mixture consisting of 6 kg of O, and 9 kg of N, has a pressure of 3 bar and temperature of 20°C. For the mixture determine the following : (i) The mole fraction of each component ; (iii) The specific gas constant; (v) The partial pressures and partial volumes. (ii) The average molecular weight ; (iv) The volume and density; [Ans. (i) 0.3684, 0.6315 ; (iüi) 29.475 ; (iii) 0.282 kJ/kg K ; (iv) 4.13 m?, 3.629 kg/m² ; (v) 1.1 bar, 1.894 bar ; 1.52 m², 2.61 m²)arrow_forwardYou have analyzed an aqueous ammonia solution and find that it contains 30 wt% NH 3.(a) to determine the mass fraction of NH 3 in the vapor that would be in equilibrium with this solution in a closed flask at 1 atm and the corresponding system temperature.(b) If the liquid phase in Part (a) accounts for 90% of the total system mass, calculate the overall system composition and specific enthalpy using balances.arrow_forward8. Consider a gas with the equation of state P - RT(1/V+ a/V + b/V). Usually one finds the critical pressure P, critical temperature T, and critical molar volume Vm, in terms of a, b, and R. Here solve for a and b in terms of critical constant(s) and then evaluate the critical pressure. Why can you not determine the critical temperature from the criteria of an inflection point? [a --Vclarrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305957404/9781305957404_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259911156/9781259911156_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305577213/9781305577213_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780078021558/9780078021558_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781305079373/9781305079373_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781118431221/9781118431221_smallCoverImage.gif)