Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
(b)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
(c)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
(d)
Interpretation:
The member that has higher boiling point in the given pair has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are represented shortly by the molecular formula and structural formula. Each and every compound has its own molecular formula. Compounds can have same molecular formula but not same structural formula.
Alkanes are linear chain saturated hydrocarbons and cycloalkanes are cyclic carbon chain saturated hydrocarbons. They both occur naturally.
Alkanes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons. They are nonpolar molecules. Water is a polar molecule. Therefore, alkanes and cycloalkanes do not get solubilized in water. In other words, alkanes and cycloalkanes are insoluble in water.
Regarding density, alkanes and cycloalkanes have density lower than water. When alkanes and cycloalkanes are mixed with water, two layers are formed which is a result of insolubility. Alkanes and cycloalkanes are present on top of water layer which is due to lesser density.
Boiling point of alkanes and cycloalkanes increase with an increase in carbon‑chain length or the ring size. When considering the continuous‑chain alkanes, the boiling point of alkanes increases about
When branching happens in the carbon chain, it lowers the boiling point of alkanes. In simple words, unbranched alkanes have more boiling point than branched alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms.
Cycloalkanes have higher boiling point compared to noncyclic alkanes with the same number of carbon atoms. This is due to the more rigid and more symmetrical structures that occur in cyclic systems. Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at room temperature. Cyclopentane to cyclooctane are liquids at room temperature.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- The analgesic phenacetin is synthesized by treating 4- ethoxyaniline with acetic anhydride. a. Which of the following is the structure of 4- ethoxyaniline? OCH₂CH3 NH₂ OCH₂CH3 NH₂ OCH₂CH3arrow_forwardIdentify ALL the CORRECT statements regarding the compound shown below. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. The compound is a heterocycle B. The compound is found in DNA C. The compound is a pentose sugar D. The compound is a purinearrow_forwardWhy do you think compounds containing the heavy metal lead are poisonous?arrow_forward
- A metal ion with a 2+ charge has 23 electrons and forms a compound with a halogen ion that contains 17 protons. a. What is the identity of the metal ion? b. What is the identity of the halogen ¡on and how many electrons does it contain? c. Determine the compound that it forms and name it.arrow_forwardHydrocarbons with 5 carbons (pentane) and 19 carbons (nonadecane) are liquids at room temperature. The molecules with 8, 9, and 10-carbons are "octane", "nonane", and "decane" and are common components of gasoline. The image below shows chemical equations for the combustion of the simplest hydrocarbon methane, 3-carbon propane, and 10-carbon decane. As you can see, the products are always carbon dioxide and water, just in larger amounts for larger hydrocarbons. Question: how many carbon dioxide molecules are formed from combustion of one molecule of decane? Methane CH4 + 202 → CO2 + 2H2O Propane C3H3 +502 – → 3CO2+4H2O C10 H22 + 15.502 10CO2 + 11H20 Decane -arrow_forwardWhich of the compounds below are aromatic?arrow_forward
- Which do you think has a higher boiling point, pentane or neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane)? Why?arrow_forwardA sample was analyzed using mass spectrophotometer and molecular ion peak was obtained at m/z 120. Base peak was seen at m/z 91 and another peak of was observed at m/z 92. UV spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of an aromatic ring. Determine the compound and justify your answer. And draw the mass spectrum.arrow_forwardDetermine the chemical formula for the following molecules by counting the Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. Determine if the molecule is a carbohydrate by checking the ratio of atoms. 5. Ho C 1 H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH CH₂OH 6. CH₂OH HO-C=0 [ H-C-OH H-C-OH 1 H-C-DH I H - COH I H-C-H I H Chemical formula Carbohydrate ? Chemical formula Carbohydrate ?arrow_forward
- Compound X has the above properties. Compound X is a. C2H5OH b. C2H5Cl c. C2H5COOCH3 d. C2H6arrow_forwardIndicate whether each of the following statement about enantiomers is True or False. a. Enantiomers always have the same molecular formula. b. Enantiomers always have the same structural formula. c. Enantiomers are always nonsupetrimposable mirror images of each other. d. Enantiomers always differ in handedness.arrow_forwardDetermine the chemical formula for the following molecules by counting the Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen atoms. Determine if the molecule is a carbohydrate by checking the ratio of atoms. 5. Ho C H-C-OH I H-C-OH H-C-OH [ CH₂OH 6. CH₂OH HO-C=O H-C-OH 1 H-C-OH 1 H-C-DH 1 H - COH I H-C-H I H Chemical formula Carbohydrate? Chemical formula Carbohydrate ?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education