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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Acceptable alternate name for the given branched-chain alkyl groups has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Alkyl groups are named according to
Rule 1:
Longest continuous chain which begins at the point of attachment of the alkyl group becomes the base name for the alkyl group.
Rule 2:
Base chain that is identified is numbered in a way beginning at the point of attachment.
Rule 3:
The substituents that are present in the base chain is listed in alphabetical order using the locant as prefixes whenever necessary.
(b)
Interpretation:
Acceptable alternate name for the given branched-chain alkyl groups has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Alkyl groups are named according to IUPAC nomenclature. The name is obtained considering the parent alkane name and replacing “-ane” with “-yl”. In naming branched chain alkyl groups, this becomes little complicated. Hence, IUPAC system for giving name to such larger groups names them by considering as if they were themselves a separate compound. Three rules are followed while naming the larger groups.
Rule 1:
Longest continuous chain which begins at the point of attachment of the alkyl group becomes the base name for the alkyl group.
Rule 2:
Base chain that is identified is numbered in a way beginning at the point of attachment.
Rule 3:
The substituents that are present in the base chain is listed in alphabetical order using the locant as prefixes whenever necessary.
(c)
Interpretation:
Acceptable alternate name for the given branched-chain alkyl groups has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Alkyl groups are named according to IUPAC nomenclature. The name is obtained considering the parent alkane name and replacing “-ane” with “-yl”. In naming branched chain alkyl groups, this becomes little complicated. Hence, IUPAC system for giving name to such larger groups names them by considering as if they were themselves a separate compound. Three rules are followed while naming the larger groups.
Rule 1:
Longest continuous chain which begins at the point of attachment of the alkyl group becomes the base name for the alkyl group.
Rule 2:
Base chain that is identified is numbered in a way beginning at the point of attachment.
Rule 3:
The substituents that are present in the base chain is listed in alphabetical order using the locant as prefixes whenever necessary.
(d)
Interpretation:
Acceptable alternate name for the given branched-chain alkyl groups has to be given.
Concept Introduction:
Alkyl groups are named according to IUPAC nomenclature. The name is obtained considering the parent alkane name and replacing “-ane” with “-yl”. In naming branched chain alkyl groups, this becomes little complicated. Hence, IUPAC system for giving name to such larger groups names them by considering as if they were themselves a separate compound. Three rules are followed while naming the larger groups.
Rule 1:
Longest continuous chain which begins at the point of attachment of the alkyl group becomes the base name for the alkyl group.
Rule 2:
Base chain that is identified is numbered in a way beginning at the point of attachment.
Rule 3:
The substituents that are present in the base chain is listed in alphabetical order using the locant as prefixes whenever necessary.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Draw the structures of the following compounds. (Includes both new and old names.) 3-cyclopentylhexan-3-olarrow_forwardDraw the following fictional groups. Hydroxyl Carbonyl Carboxyl Aminearrow_forwardClassify the following lipid (choose all that apply).CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY a. omega-6 b. trans alkene(s) c. omega-3 d. wax ester e. saturated f. monounsaturated g. fatty acid h. triglyceride i. steroid j. polyunsaturated k. cis alkene(s)arrow_forward
- Identify the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pairs of monosaccharides D-glyceraldehyde & dihydroxyacetone D-glucose & D-mannose α-D-glucose & β-D-glucose d-galactose & l-galactose D-glucose & D-allose A. optical isomers B. Diastereomers C. Epimers D. enantiomers E. Functional Isomersarrow_forward1. For the following trisaccharide: a. Provide the abbreviated name b. Draw the chemical structure using Haworth projections c. Identify the trisaccharide as reducing or nonreducing. Label the nonreducing and reducing ends (if present) of the molecule. O-B-D-N-acetylgalactofuranosyl-(1>4)-a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1>6)-D-3-deoxyglucopyranosearrow_forwardDraw the structure of each of the following compounds: a. a polysaccharide formed by joining D-glucosamine in 1-→6-a-glycosidic linkages b. a disaccharide formed by joining D-mannose and D-glucose in a 1-4-B-glycosidic linkage using mannose's anomeric carbon c. an a-N-glycoside formed from D-arabinose and CgH;CHNH2 d. a ribonucleoside formed from D-ribose and thyminearrow_forward
- Draw the L enantiomer in a Fischer projection for each amino acid; identify the amino acid as neutral, acidic, or basic. Give the three-letter sign [3], and the one-letter symbol [4].arginine a. arginine b. arginine c. a. glutamic acid b. glutamic acid c. glutamic acidtyrosine b. valine c. argininearrow_forwardIn the monosaccharide derivatives known as sugar alcohols, the carbonyl oxygen is reduced to a hydroxyl group. For example, D-glyceraldehyde can be reduced to glycerol. However, this sugar alcohol is no longer designated D or L. Why?arrow_forwardDraw the structure of: a. 1-palmitoleyl-2-linolenyl-3-stearyltriglyceride. b. 1-linolenyl-2-arachidyl-3-phosphatidylserine.arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of the tripeptide alanylglycylvaline and determine its name using three-letter abbreviations.arrow_forwardAmylopectin has which of the following structural features? a. only α(1,4) glycosidic linkages b. only β(1,4) glycosidic linkages c. both α(1,4) and α(1,6) glycosidic linkages d. both α(1,4) and β(1,6) glycosidic linkagesarrow_forwardDaclatasvir is formulated at the dihydrochloride salt. Which functional group in Daclatasvir will be protonated? (structure shown below) OA Carbonyl B. Ester OC Imidazole OD. Amide O E. Carbamatearrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
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