(a)
Interpretation:
The given line-angle structural formula has to be converted to skeletal structural formula.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(b)
Interpretation:
The given line-angle structural formula has to be converted to skeletal structural formula.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(c)
Interpretation:
The given line-angle structural formula has to be converted to skeletal structural formula.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(d)
Interpretation:
The given line-angle structural formula has to be converted to skeletal structural formula.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- What is the advantage of the low permeability of the synovial fluid in the cartilage during impact? Select one: a. Allowing the fluid flowing freely in and out of the cartilage. b. None of the choices here. c. Locking the fluid in the cartilage to increase boundary lubrication. d. Locking the fluid in the synovial cavity to increase elastohyrodynamic lubrication.arrow_forwardMinerals: 55% wt %Organic matrix: 30%, Collagen = 90-96 % of organic matrix Others= 4-10% of organic matrix and Water= 15%. Calculate the density of the bone, if the density of the organic material is 1 gram/ cc and the mineral is 3.16 gram /cc? Modulus is 15 Gpa for organic, 150 Gpa for mineral and assume the Modulus of water is 1 Gpa, calculate the modulus of the bone? *arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of the low permeability of the synovial fluid in the cartilage during impact? Select one: a. Locking the fluid in the cartilage to increase boundary lubrication. b. Locking the fluid in the synovial cavity to increase elastohyrodynamic lubrication. c. Allowing the fluid flowing freely in and out of the cartilage. d. None of the choices here.arrow_forward
- You are designing a new bone anchor which is used to secure a suture to the bone. This screw need to be strong and need to be attached securely to the bone. a. Which type of ceramic would you recommend I use ? Why? b. How might this screw fail? c. You decided to create this screw out of a biodegrable ceramic and tested it by implanting it into the femur of a pig. A couple days after implantation, you saw that the femur was inflamed and the wound is not healing well. What might have happened? d. Your friend also decided to. try and make their own screw out of bioglass. A couple weeks after implantation, your friend saw that the surgery site has completed healed with a laver of bone where the screw used to be. They concluded that their screw must have degraded. Do you agree? Why or why not?arrow_forwarda) Describe age-associated changes in human bone and their consequences in terms of physiological function b) Discuss how keeping physically active may help to maintain physiological function in human bone during the ageing processarrow_forwardYou are given the following assignment. Obtain two small chicken or turkey bones. Bake one bone in the oven at a high temperature for approximately 30 minutes. Place the other in vinegar (acidic pH) for several days. Which of the following would most accurately reflect what occurred? a. Proteins in the bone matrix have denatured in the bone that is baked, and the vinegar has denatured the proteins in the soaked bone, so both bones are flexible. b. Proteins in the bone matrix are lost from the baked bone, and the bone becomes flexible. The soaked bone loses calcium and results in a brittle bone. c. Proteins in matrix have denatured from high temperature, and the bone is brittle; calcium has been removed from the bone soaked in vinegar and it has become flexible. d. Proteins are lost in the baked bone matrix, and this bone becomes flexible. Calcium loss from the bone soaked in vinegar results in a flexible bone.arrow_forward
- Compare osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: (hint: organize your answer, you can use a chart)a. b. c. d. In case arthroplasty is a treatment option, why this treatment is a constant challenge for biomedical engineering? Just the d.arrow_forwardYou are the biomedical engineer in charge of a project to design novel materials to replace the following;i) hip boneii) LumbardiscWhat ideal material(s) and how will you test for the mechanical properties of the new materials?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between closed reduction andopen reduction? In what type of fracture would closed reduction most likely occur? In what type of fracture wouldopen reduction most likely occur?arrow_forward
- What is the age in years of a bone in which the 14C/12C ratio is measured to be 1.25×10−13?arrow_forwardDefine foliatearrow_forwardUsing the spaces provided, draw a bone that illustrates the types of fractures listed below. Then fill in the blanks in each sentence to correctly describe each fracture. Hint: Some v. blanks require more than one word. A. Simple fracture In this type of fracture, the skin and tissue near the fracture is B. Compound fracture In this type of fracture, the skin near the site has been C. Greenstick fracture This type of fracture usually occurs in D. Comminuted fracture This type of fracture is often the result of aarrow_forward
- Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative a...NursingISBN:9781305964792Author:Wilburta Q. Lindh, Carol D. Tamparo, Barbara M. Dahl, Julie Morris, Cindy CorreaPublisher:Cengage Learning