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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Among the given
Concept Introduction:
In a hydrocarbon structure, each and every carbon atoms are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon atom.
If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to only one another carbon atom is known as primary carbon atom.
If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to two other carbon atoms is known as secondary carbon atom.
If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to three other carbon atoms is known as tertiary carbon atom.
If a carbon atom in an organic molecule is directly bonded to four another carbon atom is known as quaternary carbon atom.
These carbon atoms are denoted by notations as,
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Chapter 12 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following is(are) formed upon addition of 1 mol of Br2 to 1,3-cyclohexane? Br Br 1, 2 and 3 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 4 Br Br Br 3 2 Br Br Brarrow_forwardThe free energy of hydrolysis for acetic anhydride is221.8 kJ/ mol. The conversion of ATP to ADP also involvesthe cleavage of an anhydride bond. Its free energy of hydrolysis is 230 kJ/ mol. Explain the difference in these values.arrow_forwardThe decomposition of various substituted benzyl azoxyarenesulfonates in trifluoroethanol was studied. The overall reaction is shown below F3C OH CF3 HO,S + N20 The decomposition of various substituted benzyl azoxyarenesulfonates in trifluoroethanol was studied. The overall reaction is shown below F,C OH HO,S + N,0 Y kobs (S ') 3-CI CH3 3.1 x 10-7 4-CI CH3 2.3 х 10-6 3-CH3 4-CH3 4-OCH3 CH3 CHs 4.7х 10-6 CH3 7.6х 10-6 CH3 6.0 x 10-5 1.7 x 10-3 4-CH OCH3 4.24 x 10-5 4-CH3 4-CH3 4-CH3 CH3 Br 6.0 x 10-5 1.91 x 10-4 CN 4.65 x 10-4 a. Using the data provided, prepare Hammett plots to quantify the effects of the substituents X and Y on the reaction's rate. Attach them to your problem set. b. Based on your Hammett analysis, propose a complete, curved-arrow mechanism for this reaction. Use a sentence or two to explain how your Hammett analyses support your proposed mechanism.arrow_forward
- guanosine and a water bind in the active site, does not matter in which order. The scissile N-1 glycosidic bond between the anomeric carbon and N9 of the base is broken resulting in an oxocarbenium transition state. The leaving group electrons are not protonated, but instead swing up to form a double bond between N9 and C8. The double bond that is already present on the purine swings out on N7 and is protonated by an active site histidine acting as a general acid. An active site aspartate acts as a general base, and deprotonates the water substrate molecule. The deprotonated water is then free to attack the transition state in a manner that will generate an αribose. Draw the active site and show how the mechanism works. You will need to draw 3 or 4 different active site “snap-shots” to show the entire process. Be sure to clearly show the transition state and how it might be stabilizedarrow_forward3). reactions of the following alkyl iodide. Danny uses potassium tert-butoxide to promote the reaction while Claire uses water and high temperatures. One of their reactions has provided a single elimination isomer while the other has provided a mixture of elimination isomers. Organic chemistry students Danny and Claire are both performing elimination Me H20, heat Danny's Reaction Claire's Reaction H. Me a) Which student's reaction (Danny or Claire) has provided a single elimination isomer? b) Draw all the elimination isomers obtained from both students' reactions. c) Which of the dienes drawn (by you) in question 3b is the most stable? Circle that diene above.arrow_forwardIdentify any combination reactions. (Select all that apply.) C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O S8 + O2 → SO3 NaNO3 → NaNO2 + O2 HgO → Hg + O2 Ga + H2SO4 → Ga2(SO4)3 + H2 AgCl2 + H2 → Ag + HCl none of the above Identify any decomposition reactions. (Select all that apply.) C4H10 + O2 → CO2 + H2O S8 + O2 → SO3 NaNO3 → NaNO2 + O2 HgO → Hg + O2 Ga + H2SO4 → Ga2(SO4)3 + H2 AgCl2 + H2 → Ag + HCl none of the abovearrow_forward
- 1. which IR stretches and bends indicate what type of functional group we have (alcohol, carboxylic acid, ester), 2. how you can then use IR to monitor the change from the starting materials to the products. 3. indicate and discussion the absorptions that are relevant to alcohol OH and C-O, carboxylic acid OH, carboxylic acid C=O, ester C=O, and C-O). the picture below is an ir spectra of ethanolarrow_forwardGive 5 examples of molybdenum complexes. State their physical and chemical properties and their importance or applications. Additional question, what are the oxidation numbers of molybdenumarrow_forwardWhen a mixture of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate is incubated at 25°C in the presence of the enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (which catalyzes the intervconversion of the two substances) until equilibrium is reached, the final mixture contains 6 times as much 2-phosphoglycerate as 3-phosphoglycerate. Which of the following statements is most nearly correct when applied to the reaction shown below: 3-phosphoglycerate ------> 2-phosphoglycerate (R=8.315 J/mole.K) A. △G°' = +12.7 kJ/mole B. △G°' = 0 C. △G°' is incalculably large and positive D. △G°' = -4.44 kJ/mole E. △G°' cannot be calculated from the information gvenarrow_forward
- Consider the intermolecular forces present in a pure sample of each of the following compounds: CH₃CH₂OH and CH₃COCH₃. Identify the intermolecular forces that these compounds have in common.arrow_forwardPsilocybin is a natural product of psychotropic "magic" mushrooms and has the Following structure: HO HO O=0 Psilocybin The pK a Of the first phosphate oxygen is 1.3, the pK. Of the second phosphate oxygen is 6.2, And the pKa Of the tertiary amine is 10.4. What is the average charge of psilocybin when Dissolved in your carbonic acid buffer of pH=6?arrow_forwardBenzoic acid has an absorption maximum at 230 nm. Where do you expect (give a value) to see the absorption maximum in cinnamic acid? OH OH benzoic acid cinnamic acidarrow_forward
- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
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