Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 16, Problem 44SA
Summary Introduction

To review:

The way through which phosphorylation cascade stimulates synthesis of glycogen.

Introduction:

There are primarily two main types of cell-surface receptors, namely, receptor tyrosine kinases and G-protein-coupled receptors. Receptor tyrosine kinase gets activated when insulin binds to its receptor. As a consequence of binding of insulin to the receptor, a cascade of phosphorylation events takes place, which brings about changes in the activity of several enzymes. These enzymes change the expression of genes.

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Epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown by activating glycogen phosphorylase. However, in the research lab, no glycogen breakdown occurred when epinephrine was added to a test tube containing the enzyme and its substrate, glycogen. Explain why glycogen phosphorylase could be activated by epinephrine only when the hormone was added to intact cells in a solution.
Glycogen synthase in the liver is a target for phosphorylation by two protein kinases. What are these two protein kinases and how are they independently regulated by glucagon and insulin to regulate glycogen biosynthesis?
The binding of insulin to its receptor on the surface of atarget cell activates the receptor’s tyrosine kinase activity,which in turn causes several phosphorylation cascades thatalter the activity of numerous enzymes and alters the expression of genes. Describe how one of these phosphorylationcascades stimulates glycogen synthesis.

Chapter 16 Solutions

Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life

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