Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 17, Problem 3CONQ
What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe observations and evidence that support this hypothesized period of life on Earth. From the perspective of living cells, what are the advantages of having had the RNA world be superseded by a DNA/RNA/protein world?
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The RNA World Hypothesis suggests that the earliest forms of life used RNA as a genome instead of DNA. Why then do we not see organisms alive today with RNA genomes?
What is so special about RNA that it is hypothe-sized to be an evolutionary precursor to DNA and protein?What is it about DNA that makes it a better material thanRNA for storage of genetic information?
If RNA played a key role in the origin of life,why do cells now use DNA for information storage and proteins to carry out other cellular processes?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 17.1 - Which of the following can bind to ncRNAs? a. DNA...Ch. 17.1 - 2. When an ncRNA functions as a decoy, it
a....Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 17.2 - 1. Which of the following functions does HOTAIR...Ch. 17.3 - 1. The process of RNA interference may lead to
a....Ch. 17.3 - 2. In catalyzing the methylation or...Ch. 17.4 - 1. Which of the following is a function of SRP?...Ch. 17.5 - 1. Which of the following components are needed...Ch. 17.5 - 2. In the CRISPR-Cas system, what does the...Ch. 17.5 - Which of the following is a function of the...
Ch. 17.6 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 17.6 - Let's suppose that the overexpression of a...Ch. 17 - 1. List and briefly describe four types of...Ch. 17 - 2. An ncRNA may have the following functions:...Ch. 17 - 3. What is meant by the term RNA world? Describe...Ch. 17 - Explain how HOTAIR plays a role in the...Ch. 17 - What is the phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi)?...Ch. 17 - With regard to RNAi, what are three possible...Ch. 17 - 7. What is the difference between an miRNA and an...Ch. 17 - Together with a specific set of proteins, snoRNAs...Ch. 17 - Describe the structure of SRP in eukaryotes, and...Ch. 17 - Look at Figure 17.6 and predict what would happen...Ch. 17 - Compare and contrast the roles of crRNA and...Ch. 17 - In the CRISPR-Cas system, does the tracrRNA act as...Ch. 17 - Prob. 13CONQCh. 17 - Outline the steps that occur when piRISCs silence...Ch. 17 - List five types of cancer in which ncRNAs can be...Ch. 17 - Prob. 16CONQCh. 17 - A protein called trypsin, which plays a role in...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2EQCh. 17 - Prob. 3EQCh. 17 - As described in Chapter 21, the CRISPR-Cas system...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5EQCh. 17 - Prob. 6EQCh. 17 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 17 - Go to the PubMed website and do a search using the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- If nitrogenous bases (A, G, C, T or U) could polymerize to chains of nucleotides, could this eventually form the structure shown in the figure above? Would an RNA structure that can act as an enzyme, such as the one shown above, have been the result of chemical evolution with competition between replicating RNA molecules? Or was it likely the first RNA molecule that arose from a chain of nitrogenous bases could immediately act as an enzyme?arrow_forwardWhat specific characteristics make RNA a versatile molecule? How does RNA carry information? How does RNA do work? For example, how is RNA able to function like an enzyme? Why is RNA a likely candidate for an early biological molecule?arrow_forwardMany virologists note that viruses which have a genome made up of RNA will tend to evolve faster than those viruses whose genome is made up of double-stranded DNA. Most evolutionary biologists now accept that RNA was the first nucleic acid molecule to evolve to store information. Why is this early “RNA world” more likely when you consider how RNA polymerases (such as primase) and DNA polymerases start replicating nucleotide chains?arrow_forward
- Why do scientist believe RNA was the first molecule to form life?arrow_forwardThe genes for ribosomal RNA are highly conserved(relatively few sequence changes) in all organisms onEarth; thus, they have evolved very slowly over time. Wereribosomal RNA genes “born” perfect?arrow_forwardExplain how the wobble hypothesis enables organisms to encode fewer tRNA moleculesarrow_forward
- Discuss the following: “During the evolution of life on earth, RNA lost its glorious position as the first self- replicating catalyst. its role now is as a mere messenger in the information flow from DNA to protein.”arrow_forwardwhich of the following is NOT a possible source of the monomer building blocks in the RNA world hypothesis? o polymerization reactions on mineral surfaces o prebiotic chemistry on asteroids and other material in space o prebiotic chemistry at deep sea vents o prebiotic atmosphereic chemistryarrow_forwardAs determined by comparisons of ancient and recently evolved proteins, cysteine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine appear to be late-arriving amino acids. In addition, they are considered to have been absent in the abiotic Earth. All three of these amino acids have only two codons each, while many others, earlier in origin, have more. Is this mere coincidence, or might there be some underlying explanation?arrow_forward
- what is RNA World hypothesis? What is RNA? What are the building blocks of RNA? How is the RNA polymer formed? What is the importance of the 3' and 5' end of nucleic acid? What is a phosphodiester bond? What are the four bases of RNA? RNA can act as catalyst, why? Why was it important that the RNA could self-replicate? What is the importance of RNA folding?arrow_forwardWhat did the Miller-Urey experiment demonstrate? A. Life originated in outer space and was brought to Earth on a meteor. B. Complex molecules can be formed from water, carbon dioxide, methane, ammonia, and hydrogen gas in a reducing atmosphere. C. Eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells following an endosymbiotic event. D. RNA was the genetic storage merial before DNA.arrow_forwardWhat is RNA world?arrow_forward
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