Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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Chapter 17, Problem 3Q
Summary Introduction
To review:
The harmful substances that cause oxidative damage to the body. Some tissues are able to sustain more oxidative damage than others are.
Introduction:
Oxidative damage means that free radicals areproduced in a large amount, and there is an imbalance between the free radicals and the antioxidants (substances that detoxify the harmfuleffects of free radicals) in the body. These free radicalsmay be produced by harmful ionizing radiations, for exampl, eltraviolet (UV), X-rays, and gamma(
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A molecular researcher, Dr. Sidra Alkatini, is investigating the manifestation of a disorder in some of her lab mice models, which are lacking production of an important protein necessary for the cellular respiration pathway. The afflicted mice are short lived, and have perpetually low blood glucose levels, no matter how much food they are fed. Through sequencing, the following strand of DNA was produced:
5’ TTC CAA TTA CGC CGC TAT ACG CGC ACC ATG TTA TCA TGT TGG TGG TAG 3’
Given your expertise in genetics, she contacts you, her BFF, to help her understand the sequence and its relation to the genetic disorder she is seeing.
1)
Considering the entire DNA sequence shown above, specify the numbered codon that represents START.
a
Codon 10.
b
Codons 12-13.
c
Codon 9.
d
Codons 28-30.
2)
Indicate three motifs that justify this as being a eukaryotic sequence.
a
CAAT, TATA, ACCATGG.
b
GACA, TATAAT, AAUAA.…
A molecular researcher, Dr. Sidra Alkatini, is investigating the manifestation of a disorder in some of her lab mice models, which are lacking production of an important protein necessary for the cellular respiration pathway. The afflicted mice are short lived, and have perpetually low blood glucose levels, no matter how much food they are fed. Through sequencing, the following strand of DNA was produced:
5’ TTC CAA TTA CGC CGC TAT ACG CGC ACC ATG TTA TCA TGT TGG TGG TAG 3’
Given your expertise in genetics, she contacts you, her BFF, to help her understand the sequence and its relation to the genetic disorder she is seeing.
1)
Now that you have seen the sequence and identified some of the major motifs it contains, what are going to tell Dr. Alkatini about in relation to the genetic disorder she is seeing?
a
“Listen, Doc, it is clear there is no STOP signal in the last codon place where it normally should be.”
b
“Listen, Doc, the fact…
Adjacent pyrimidine bases in DNA form dimers with high efficiency after exposure to UV light. If these dimers are not repaired, skin cancers can result. Melanin is a natural sunscreen produced by melanocytes, a type of skin cell, when the skin is exposed to sunlight. Individuals who spend long periods developing a tan eventually acquire a thick and highly wrinkled skin. Such individuals are also at high risk for skin cancer. Can you explain, in general terms, why these phenomena are related?
Chapter 17 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
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- The DNA of a skin sell and a muscle cell are identical. But the skin cell may contain the proteins collagen and keratin in high amount, which the muscle lacks (or has very little of), while the muscle cell may have large amounts of the proteins actin and myosin, which the skin cell lacks (or has very little of). Explain this apparent contradiction.arrow_forwardWhy the process of DNA is transcribed into mRNA and then translated into protein is referred to as the “central dogma” of biology? Give one scenario that would explain how a mutation in the DNA of the Piedmontese bull could lead to muscle hypertrophy. If more cows had the same musculature as the Piedmontese bull, how would that affect meat production in countries that use cows as a primary meat source?arrow_forwardScientists have observed that individuals with LOW birthweight are MORE likely to become obese as teenagers. To study this observation in more depth, a scientist compared the methylation of the promoter region of the leptin gene in low birthweight (LBW) and normal birthweight (NBW) individuals by treating isolated DNA from these individuals with bisulfite and comparing the results to untreated DNA. The results are shown below. What conclusion can you draw? Untreated: ATTCGATTCGCGAA Treated NBW: ATTCGATTCGCGAA Treated LBW: ATTTGATTCGTGAA Scientists have observed that individuals with LOW birthweight are MORE likely to become obese as teenagers. To study this observation in more depth, a scientist compared the methylation of the promoter region of the leptin gene in low birthweight (LBW) and normal birthweight (NBW) individuals by treating isolated DNA from these individuals with bisulfite and comparing the results to untreated DNA. The results are shown below. What…arrow_forward
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