Chapter 21, Problem 21.34AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structure of a compound $\left({\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_5\text{N}\right)$ which liberates ammonia on treatment with hot aqueous $\text{KOH}$ is to be predicated.

Concept introduction:

Nitrile compounds are organic compound with general formula $\text{R}-\text{C}\equiv \text{N}$. The nitrile compound on reaction with base gives salt of carboxylic acid and ammonia. The nitrile compounds after reaction with an acid forms carboxylic acid and ammonium ion.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structure of a compound ${\text{C}}_{\text{3}}{\text{H}}_{\text{7}}\text{ON}$ that liberates ammonia on treatment with hot aqueous $\text{KOH}$ is to be predicated.

Concept introduction:

Amides are the organic compounds that are formed by a combination of carboxylic acids and amine. Amides are hydrolyzed either in acidic or basic media to yield carboxylic acids and amine or ammonium ion and carboxylate anions.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structure of a compound which gives $\text{1-butanol}$ and $\text{2-methyl-2-propanol}$ on treatment with excess ${\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}\text{MgI}$ followed by protonolysis is to be predicated.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents are organometallic compounds which are prepared using alkyl halides in the presence of magnesium metal in dry ether. These reagents act as strong nucleophiles and bases.Grignard reagents reacts with ketone to form alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The structure equal amounts of $\text{1-hexanol}$ and $\text{2-hexanol}$ on treatment with ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$ followed by protonolysisis to be predicated.

Concept introduction:

The metal hydride reagents are good reducing agents such as ${\text{LiAlH}}_4$. Lithium aluminum hydride is used in many organic syntheses as a reducing agent. It can reduce carboxylic acid in carbonyl compounds and further reduces carbonyl compound into alcohol.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The structure of a compound which gives ${\text{CO}}_2$, ${}^{+}{\text{NH}}_4$, and acetic acid after boiling in concentrated aqueous $\text{HCl}$ is to be predicated.

Concept introduction:

Nitrile compounds are organic compound with general formula $\text{R}-\text{C}\equiv \text{N}$. The nitrile compound on reaction with base gives salt of carboxylic acid and ammonia. The nitrile compounds after reaction with an acid forms carboxylic acid and ammonium ion.