(a) Interpretation: The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediacy of phthalic anhydride on the basis of double labeling experiment is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bond between two or more molecules in a compound. The term generally used is for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule act as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason so as to why the formation of phthalic anhydride from phthalamic acid results in a large rate acceleration is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bonds between two or more molecules in a compound. The term is generally used for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule acts as a nucleophile.

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Give reasons :(i) Electrophilic substitution in aromatic amines takes place more readily than benzene.(ii) CH3CONH2 is weaker base than CH3CH2NH2.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediacy of phthalic anhydride on the basis of double labeling experiment is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bond between two or more molecules in a compound. The term generally used is for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule act as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason so as to why the formation of phthalic anhydride from phthalamic acid results in a large rate acceleration is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bonds between two or more molecules in a compound. The term is generally used for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule acts as a nucleophile.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediacy of phthalic anhydride on the basis of double labeling experiment is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bond between two or more molecules in a compound. The term generally used is for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule act as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason so as to why the formation of phthalic anhydride from phthalamic acid results in a large rate acceleration is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bonds between two or more molecules in a compound. The term is generally used for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule acts as a nucleophile.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 21, Problem 21.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediacy of phthalic anhydride on the basis of double labeling experiment is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bond between two or more molecules in a compound. The term generally used is for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule act as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason so as to why the formation of phthalic anhydride from phthalamic acid results in a large rate acceleration is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bonds between two or more molecules in a compound. The term is generally used for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule acts as a nucleophile.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediacy of phthalic anhydride on the basis of double labeling experiment is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bond between two or more molecules in a compound. The term generally used is for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule act as a nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason so as to why the formation of phthalic anhydride from phthalamic acid results in a large rate acceleration is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bonds between two or more molecules in a compound. The term is generally used for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule acts as a nucleophile.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.63AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The phthalic anhydride is prepared from the phthalamic acid with the help of curved-arrow notation is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

Anhydrides are prepared when a carboxylic acid is reacted with a strong dehydrating agent like phosphorus pentoxide. Cyclic anhydrides are formed by two methods. In one method, a dicarboxylic acid is treated with acetic anhydride and in second method, a dicarboxylic acid fuses into cyclic anhydride on heating.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediacy of phthalic anhydride on the basis of double labeling experiment is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bond between two or more molecules in a compound. The term generally used is for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule act as a nucleophile.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediacy of phthalic anhydride on the basis of double labeling experiment is to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bond between two or more molecules in a compound. The term generally used is for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule act as a nucleophile.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason so as to why the formation of phthalic anhydride from phthalamic acid results in a large rate acceleration is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bonds between two or more molecules in a compound. The term is generally used for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule acts as a nucleophile.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reason so as to why the formation of phthalic anhydride from phthalamic acid results in a large rate acceleration is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the water molecule breaks the bonds between two or more molecules in a compound. The term is generally used for the elimination and substitution reaction in which water molecule acts as a nucleophile.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10P

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Chapter 21 Solutions