Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The product of the reaction of levulinic acid with excess
Concept introduction:
The metal hydride reagents are good reducing agents such as
(b)
Interpretation:
The product of the reaction of levulinic acid with excess
Concept introduction:
The metal hydride reagents are good reducing agents such as
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EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- (a) Explain how NaBH, in CH;OH can reduce hemiacetal A to 1,4-butanediol (HOCH,CH,CH,CH,OH). (b) What product is formed when A is treated with Ph;P=CHCH,CH(CH),? (c) The drug isotretinoin is formed by reaction of X and Y. What is the structure of isotretinoin? Although isotretinoin (trade name Accutane or Roaccutane) is used for the treatment of severe acne, it is dispensed under strict controls because it also causes birth defects. PPha NaOCH,CH3 HO- isotretinoin HO A Br X Yarrow_forward18-48 4-Aminobenzoic acid is prepared from benzoic acid by the following two steps. Show reagents and experimental conditions to bring about each step.arrow_forward18-28 Arrange these compounds in order of increasing acidity: benzoic acid, benzyl alcohol, phenol.arrow_forward
- Determining if a Base Is Strong Enough to Deprotonate an Acid Which of the following bases is strong enough to deprotonate N,Ndimethylacetamide [CH3CON(CH3)2, pKa = 30], so that equilibrium favors the products:(a)NaNH2; (b) NaOH?arrow_forwardSome of the earliest synthetic detergents were the sodium alkyl sulfates, CH3(CH2)nCH2¬OSO3 Na+ .Show how you would make sodium octadecylsulfate using tristearin as your organic starting material.arrow_forwardWhich of the following bases is strong enough to deprotonate N,Ndimethylacetamide [CH3CON(CH3)2, pKa = 30], so that equilibrium favors the products: (a) NaNH2; (b) NaOH?arrow_forward
- p-toluic acid is prepared from 3.42 grams of p-Bromotoluene. When p-Bromotoluene was mixed with dry ether, the mixture was warmed until the ether begins to boil (34.6 °C). When the reaction is almost complete, dry ice (3-4 mL in a beaker) was prepared and the mixture was poured into it. After some time, 5 mL of 6 N HCl was added. The solvent used for the recrystallization is 100 mL of 30% ethanol. The reaction equation is given on the figure. What is the actual yield? What is the theoretical yield? How many moles of p-toluic acid was produced?arrow_forwardAmphetamine is a powerful stimulant of the central nervous system.Draw the products formed (and show the flow of electrons) from the acid-base reaction of amphetamine with (a) HCl and with (b) NaH.arrow_forwardQ5:- Give structures and names of the principal organic reactants and products of the following reactions. a- pentinoic acid from butanol b- Preparation of acid anhydrides Q6:- Rank the following substances in order of increasing acidity , Justify your choice. benzoic acid, p-chlorobenzoic acid , 2,4-dichlorobenzoic acid , 2,4,6-trichlorobenzoic acidarrow_forward
- Specialized reagents and their acronyms: MCPBA= meta-chloroperbenzoic acid; HOAC = acetic acid, NaOAc = Sodium Acetate; PhD phenyl = C6H5-; P(Ph)3 = triphenyl phosphine; NBS = N- bromosuccinimide, PBR3, SOCI2, AICI3, FeBr3, H2SO4, Li, Na, Mg, Brz2, CrO3, LDA = lithium diisopropylamide, PCC = pyridinium chlorochromate, KO-C(CH3)3, LAH = LIAIH4, (sia)2BH = disecondary isobutyl borane, KMNO4, HIO4 = periodic acid %3D %3D %3D %3D write the missing reagents and solvents over the arrows. Some transformation require multiple steps. In some cases there will be multiple arrows. -- -Li OH H- H.arrow_forward(a) Predict the product of the reaction of KOH with 1-amino propane. (b) Predict the product of a deprotonated ethanol (an “ethanolate anion", O-CH2-CH3) with phenol (hydroxybenzene). (c) Predict the product of propanoic acid with deprotonated ethanol (an “ethanolate anion", O-CH2-CH3).arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning