(a) Interpretation: The design for preparation of nylon- 4 , 6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn. Concept introduction: Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon − 4 , 6 . Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer . Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of nylon-4,6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon −4,6. Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer. Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of polyester from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The polymers are a type of macromolecules which are formed by repeated units of monomers. The polymer can be formed by different polymerization methods such as free radical polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polyesters are formed by condensation polymerization between and dicarboxylic acid and diol.

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(a) Give chemical tests to distinguish between compounds in the following pairs of substances :(i) Ethanol and Propanal (ii) Benzoic acid and Ethyl benzoate(b) An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and rest oxygen. The molecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollen’s reagent but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives positive iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acids. Derive the structure of the compound.

(b) Ozonolysis process was carried out towards an unknown organic compound, X, to produce propanal, C3H6O and compound Y. Propanal was then further oxidized into compound z, C3H6O2 by using potassium permanganate, KMNO4 under acidic condition and heating. As an alternative, compound Y can be produced from the reaction of benzene with ethanoyl chloride, CH3COCI with the presence of aluminium trichloride, AICI3. Proses ozonolisis telah dijalankan terhadap sebatian organik yang tidak dikenali, X untuk menghasilkan propanal, C3H6O dan sebatian Y. Propanal kemudiannya dioksidakan menjadi sebatian Z menggunakan KMNO4 dalam keadaan berasid dan panas. Sebagai alternatif, sebatian Y boleh dihasilkan daripada tindak balas antara benzena dengan etanoil klorida, CH3COCI dengan kehadiran aluminium triklorida, AICI3. (1) Draw the structural formula of compounds X, Y, and z. Lukiskan formula struktur bagi sebatian X, Y, dan Z. (ii) Show the formation of electrophile that will be reacted with benzene…

(a) When bromine is added to two beakers, one containing phenyl iso propyl ether and the other containing cyclohexene, the bromine color in both beakers disappears. What observation could you make while performing this test that would allow you to distinguish the alkene from the aryl ether? (b) Write any three methods in detail for the preparation of aldehyde from primary alcohol. (c) State the clemmenson reduction.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of nylon-4,6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon −4,6. Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer. Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of polyester from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The polymers are a type of macromolecules which are formed by repeated units of monomers. The polymer can be formed by different polymerization methods such as free radical polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polyesters are formed by condensation polymerization between and dicarboxylic acid and diol.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of nylon-4,6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon −4,6. Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer. Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of polyester from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The polymers are a type of macromolecules which are formed by repeated units of monomers. The polymer can be formed by different polymerization methods such as free radical polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polyesters are formed by condensation polymerization between and dicarboxylic acid and diol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of nylon-4,6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon −4,6. Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer. Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of polyester from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The polymers are a type of macromolecules which are formed by repeated units of monomers. The polymer can be formed by different polymerization methods such as free radical polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polyesters are formed by condensation polymerization between and dicarboxylic acid and diol.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of nylon-4,6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon −4,6. Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer. Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of polyester from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The polymers are a type of macromolecules which are formed by repeated units of monomers. The polymer can be formed by different polymerization methods such as free radical polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polyesters are formed by condensation polymerization between and dicarboxylic acid and diol.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of nylon-4,6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon −4,6. Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer. Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.46AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of nylon-4,6 from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Acids can be substituted with amino group to get amides. These amide units join to polymerize and form nylon −4,6. Polymerization is joining of small molecular units, to form a large structure known as polymer. Small molecular units are monomers. They add up to form a chain or a three dimensional structure of the polymer.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of polyester from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The polymers are a type of macromolecules which are formed by repeated units of monomers. The polymer can be formed by different polymerization methods such as free radical polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polyesters are formed by condensation polymerization between and dicarboxylic acid and diol.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The design for preparation of polyester from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atom is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The polymers are a type of macromolecules which are formed by repeated units of monomers. The polymer can be formed by different polymerization methods such as free radical polymerization and condensation polymerization. Polyesters are formed by condensation polymerization between and dicarboxylic acid and diol.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.1P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.3P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.5P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.8P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.9P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how nylon can be prepared from dicarboxylic acid containing six or lesser carbon atoms.

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Chapter 21 Solutions