Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The volumetric flowrate of air as it enters the bottom of the fermenter and the volumetric flowrate of gas leaving the top of the fermenter should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The
(b)
Interpretation:
To interpret the average bubble diameter at the entry point of the air and as the gas leaves the liquid at the top of the fermenter.
Concept introduction:
The volume of bubble
Area of bubble
(c)
Interpretation:
The difference that the bubble size makes in the design and operation of the fermenter should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The design and mode of operation of a fermenter mainly depends on the production organism, the optimal operating condition required for target product formation, product value and scale of production.
(d)
Interpretation:
The meaning and importance of gram-negative bacteria should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Acetobacter Aceti is an obligate aerobe, which means that it requires oxygen to grow.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- The nitrogen content of organic compounds can be determined by the Dumas method.The compound in question is first passed over hot CuO(s): Compound ----> N2(g) + CO2(g) + H2O(g) The gaseous products are then passed through a concentrated aqueous KOH solution to remove the CO2.The remaining gas contains N2 and water vapor.A 0.185-g sample of a compound was treated as above, producing 82.2 mL of N2 saturated with water vapor at 25 °C and 775.0 torr.What is the mass percent of nitrogen in the compound? (The vapor pressure of water at 25 °C is 23.8 torr.)arrow_forwardAcrylonitrile and water are produced from propene, ammonia, and oxygen in a 2 L vessel by the following reaction: C3H6 + NH3 + O2 →→ CH2CHCN + H2O If 27.6 moles of H2O is produced in 5-min. What mass of propene in Kg (kg) is consumed in 30-min. Assume Molar Weight of propene = 42.08 g/mLarrow_forwardEthylene (CH2CH2) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0 x 1010kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 30.0L reaction tank with 24.0atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 800.°C. He believes Kp= 0.040 at this temperature. Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Note for advanced students: the engineer may be mistaken about the correct value of Kp, and the mass percent of ethylene you calculate may not be what he actually observes.arrow_forward
- Ethylene (CH2CH2) is the starting point for a wide array of industrial chemical syntheses. For example, worldwide about 8.0x10^10 kg of polyethylene are made from ethylene each year, for use in everything from household plumbing to artificial joints. Natural sources of ethylene are entirely inadequate to meet world demand, so ethane (CH3CH3) from natural gas is "cracked" in refineries at high temperature in a kinetically complex reaction that produces ethylene gas and hydrogen gas. Suppose an engineer studying ethane cracking fills a 75.0 L reaction tank with 23.0 atm of ethane gas and raises the temperature to 750.°C. He believes Kp=6.0 at this temperature. Calculate the percent by mass of ethylene the engineer expects to find in the equilibrium gas mixture. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.arrow_forwardThe oxidation of ethylene to produce ethylene oxide proceeds according to the equation2C 2H 4 +O 2 → 2C 2H 4O The feed to a reactor contains 100 kmol C 2H 4 and 100 kmol O 2. If the reaction proceeds to a point where 60 kmol of O 2 is left, what is the fractional conversion of C 2H 4? The fractional conversion of O 2? The extent of reaction?arrow_forward+ |/ 00 %24 D. Two bulbs are connected by a stopcock. The 7.50 L bulb contains nitric oxide (NO) at a pressure of 0.340 bar, and the 2.50 L bulb contains oxygen (O,) at a pressure of 0.510 bar. 02 ON After the stopcock is opened, the gases mix and react to produce nitrogen dioxide (CON) 2 NO(g) + 0,(g) – 2 NO,(g) Considering that the volume remains unchanged during the experiment, how does the total pressure in the bulbs change if the reaction is allowed to go to completion? The total pressure will remain constant. O There is not enough information to determine how the total pressure will change. O The total pressure will decrease. O The total pressure will increase. MacBook Pro ( The %23 %24 7. 4. 5. 3. R %3D K. H. B C. option command MOSISOarrow_forward
- Q3-A stream of humid air enters a condenser in which 95% of the water vapor in the air is condensed The flow rate of the condensate (the liquid leaving the condenser) is measured and found to be 225 L/h. Dry air may be taken to contain 21 mole% oxygen, with the balance nitrogen. Calculate the flow rate of the gas stream leaving the condenser and the mole fractions of oxygen, nitrogen, and water in this stream. (mol dry air/h) 0.21 mol 02/mol 0.79 mol N/mol nglmol H,0/h) na(mol 02/h) ig(mol N/h) ng(mol H20 (v)/h) 225 liters H20 (1)/h nz(mol H20 (1)/h) (95% of water in feed)arrow_forwardA sample of unknown gas was heated to 125°C in a round bottom flask at standard pressure (1.00 atm), and its weight in a 100 ml round bottom flask was taken to be 30.098g. The round bottom flask weighs 30.0g. The gas was determined to be pure so that it can only be composed of a single element (N2, O2, F2, He, Ne, Ar, P2, S2, Cl2). Identify the gas.arrow_forwardAnna was asked to identify and explain if the equation CO2 (g) → CO2 (I) was an endothermic or exothermic reaction. However she got it wrong. What is her error and what should the answer have been? Anna's statement: The equation is an endothermic reaction because the energy is released from gaseous CO2 to the surroundings to become liquidCO2 causing the molecules to speed up. Format В I U B ... >arrow_forward
- What is the mole ratio for O2 gas to water for the balanced equation for the complete combustion of butane. 2C4H10(g)+ 13O2(g)-> 10H2O(g) + 8CO2(g)arrow_forwardThe human body burns glucose C6H12O6 for energy according to this chemical reaction: The products of the reaction are carbon dioxide CO2 and water H2O. Interestingly, all of the carbon dioxide and much of the water exits the body through the lungs: on every breath, the average person exhales 500.mL of air, which is typically enriched to 4% CO2 and 5% water vapor by volume. In short, when a person loses weight by dieting, the weight that is lost actually departs his body as a gas, every time he exhales. Each kilogram of body fat lost requires exhaling about 2.9kg of carbon dioxide. Calculate how many breaths it takes an average person to "exhale" 2.00kg of fat. Round your answer to the nearest thousand. You'll need to know that the density of CO2 is 2.0/kgm3.arrow_forward24 mwt (N204) = 92 g/mol 50.0 g of N2O4 is introduced into an evacuated 2.00 L vessel and allowed to come to equilibrium with its decomposition product, N;O4(g) → 2NO:(8). For this reaction Ke = 0.133. Once the system has reached equilibrium, 5.00 g of NO, is injected into the vessel, and the system is allowed to equilibrate once again. Calculate the mass of NO, in the final equilibrium mixture. A. 17.8 g В. 12.4 в С. 14.7 в D. 19.7 g E. 15.5 g O AA O B. B O D. D O EEarrow_forward
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