A small power plant produces 500 MW of electricity through combustion of coal that has the following composition on a dry basis: 76.2 wt% carbon, 5.6% hydrogen, 3.5% sulfur, 7.5% oxygen, and the remainder ash. The coal contains 4.0 wt% water. The feed rate of coal is 183 tons/h, and it is burned with 15% excess air at 1 atm, 80°F, and 30.0% relative humidity.
(a) Estimate the volumetric ?ow rate (ft3/min) of air drawn into the furnace.
(b) Effluent gases are discharged from the furnace at 625°F and 1 atm. Estimate the molar (lb-mole/min) and volumetric (ft3/min) ?ow rates of gas leaving the furnace.
(c) Injection of dry limestone (CaCO3) into the furnace is being considered as a means of reducing the SO2emitted from the plant. The technology calls for SO2to react with limestone:
Unfortunately, the process is expected to remove only 75% of the SO2in the ef?uent gases, even though the limestone is fed at a rate 2.5 times the stoichiometric amount. What is the required feed rate of limestone? Since some of the SO2is removed from the furnace ef?uent [in contrast to Pan (b)], recalculate the molar ?ow rate and composition of the ef?uent from the furnace.
(d) The gas leaving the furnace passes through an electrostatic precipitator, where particulates from ash and limestone are removed, and then enters a stack (chimney) for release to the atmosphere. What is the gas velocity at a point in the stack where the stack diameter is 25 ft and the temperature is 300°F? Does the gas discharged from the stack meet the new Environmental Protection Agency standard that emissions from such power plants contain less than 75 pans of SO2per billion?
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering (5th Edition) (Prentice Hall International Series in the Physical and Chemical Engineering Sciences)
Process Dynamics and Control, 4e
Modern Database Management (12th Edition)
Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics (7th Edition)
Differential Equations: Computing and Modeling (5th Edition), Edwards, Penney & Calvis
- Solid calcium (CaF2) reacts with sulfuric acid to form solid calcium sulfate and gaseous hydrogen fluoride. The HF is then dissolved in water to form hydrofluoric acid. A source of calcium fluoride is fluorite ore containing 96 wt% CaF2 and 4% SiO2. In a typical hydrofluoric acid manufacturing process, fluorite ore is reacted with 93 wt% aqueous sulfuric acid, supplied 15% in excess of the stoichiometric amount. Ninety-five percent of the ore dissolves in the acid. Some of the HF formed reacts with the dissolved silica in the reaction 6 HF + SIO2 (aq) – H2SİF6 (9) + 2 H2O (1) The hydrogen fluoride exiting from the reactor is subsequently dissolved in enough water to produce 60 wt% hydrofluoric acid. Calculate the quantity of fluorite ore needed to produce a metric ton of acid. Express your answer into three significant figures.arrow_forwardProducer gas is a fuel that is manufactured from the reaction of coal, steam and air. A producer gas has the following composition by volume (dry basis): 20.35% CO, 11.03%, CO2, 15% H2, 51.43% N2, 1.98%O2 and 0.21 % CH4. The gas is flowing at 6000 cfm. It has a temperature of 200℃ , a pressure of 21 cm Hg and a partial pressure of 50 mm Hg for H2O. The atmospheric pressure is 758 mm Hg. The gas is delivered from the source to the furnace by means of a pipe. It cools down to 50 ℃ and is compressed to 2 atm pressure. At this condition, calculate:1. the volumetric flow ate2. the mass flow rate3. the partial pressure of each component/including water)4. complete analysis of the mixturearrow_forwardThe boiler in an apartment building uses propane (C3H8) to heat water that circulates throughout the building as steam. 1.00 m'/s of propane gas at 25°C and 1 atm is combusted with 10% excess air at 25°C and 1 atm. After all of the propane is combusted, the product gas contains a 10.0:1 molar ratio of CO2 to CO and leaves the boiler at 25°C. Heat from the boiler is transferred to a pure water stream at 50°C and 1.0 bar, which is converted into saturated steam at 20 bar, with no heat lost to the surroundings in the process. What mass of water is heated in this process? Molecule (Formula) (kJ/mol) -393.5 (g) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon -110.52 (g) monoxide (CO) Hydrogen (H2) Nitrogen (N2) Охуgen (O2) Propane (C;Hs) Hot Water (out). Flue Gas Shutoff Valve - Cold Water (in) -119.8(1) -103.8(g) -285.84(1) Gas Supply Line- Cold Water Shutoff Valve Water (H20) -241.83(g) Temperature / Pressure Relief Valve Water Line Overflow Pipe. Tank Insulation - Dip Tube Drain Valve Gas Burner Control-…arrow_forward
- 4. Producer gas from bituminous coal (see table below) is burned with 20% excess air. Calculate the air fuel ratio on a volumetric basis and on a mass basis. Various Natural Gases Producer Gas Carbureted Coke- from Bituminous Water Oven Constituent A B C Coal Gas Gas Methane 93.9 60.1 67.4 54.3 3.0 10.2 32.1 Ethane 3.6 14.8 16.8 16.3 Propane Butanes plus 1.2 13.4 15.8 16.2 1.3 4.2 7.4 Ethene 6.1 3.5 Benzene 2.8 0.5 Hydrogen 14.0 40.5 46.5 Nitrogen 7.5 5.8 50.9 2.9 8.1 Oxygen 0.6 0.5 0.8 Carbon monoxide 27.0 34.0 6.3 Carbon dioxide 4.5 3.0 2.2arrow_forwardAn underfeed stoker feeds coal to a boiler at the rate of 100 kg/hr. The ultimate analysis of coal is: C = 75.2 %, H;= 3.6 %, O2 = 7.4 %, N2 = 1.2 %, S = 2.1 % and the remaining is Ash. The dry refuse taken from the ash pit shows 20 % C and 80 % ash by weight. Orsat analysis of the flue gases gives the following composition, CO2 = 75.2 %, O, = 7.9 %, CO= 1 % Determine: a) m³ of air supplied per minute if the pressure is 100 kPaa and 20 °C; b) Total volume of flue gases flowing through the stack per minute if the temperature is 60 °C and pressure is 100 kPaa.arrow_forwardIn a combustion operation, anthracite used showed 92.8% C and 1.3% ash. If this coal is burned in dry air at 28°C, 1 atm abs, combustion gases with the following Orsat analysis results: 14.15% CO2, 5.77% 02, 79.97% N2, 0.03% SO2, and 0.08% NO. The combustion gases leave at 600°C and 800 mmHg. a) What is the ultimate analysis of the anthracite coal? b) What is the calorific value of the solid fuel in MJ for every kg of anthracite coal? c) What is the Orsat analysis of the flue gas?arrow_forward
- Hematite is an iron ore with the following composition: Fe2O3 [MW=159.70]. To make steel, carbon [At. Wt. = 12.01] in the form of coke is used to reduce Fe2O3 to iron metal [At. Wt. = 55.85] as shown below: 3 C + 2 Fe2O3 → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe How many grams of carbon are needed to produce 2,500 grams of iron? Relative to the problem the processing of 798.5 g of hematite ore produced 508.2 g of iron metal. Determine the percent yield of pure iron for this batch?arrow_forwardThe synthesis of methanol from carbon monoxide and hydrogen is carried out in a continuous vapor-phase reactor at 5.00 atm absolute. The feed contains cO and H2 in stoichiometric proportion and enters the reactor at 25.0°C and 5.00 atm at a rate of 31.1 m³/h. The product stream emerges from the reactor at 157°C. The rate of heat transfer from the reactor is 21.0 kW. Calculate the fractional conversion (0 to 1) of carbon monoxide achieved and the volumetric flow rate (m3/h) of the product stream. f = Vout ! m3/harrow_forward3. Given: Soda and lime are added to a glass batch in the form of soda ash (Na,CO,) and limestone (CaCO). During heating, these two ingredients decompose to give off carbon dioxide (CO₂), the resulting products being soda and lime. Find: Compute the weight of soda ash and limestone that must be added to 110 lb of quartz (SiO₂) to yield a glass of composition 72 wt% SiO₂, 16 wt% Na₂O, and 12 wt% Cao. Solution:arrow_forward
- Sua is producing margarine from natural oils such as coconut oil by hydrogenation according to the following equation C57H104O6 + 3H2 ---->C57H110O6 at 200°c and 7atm. If an industrial hydrogenator with a volume of 500 litre is charged with 24 kilograms of oil and the reaction goes to completion, how many kilograms of margarine will be produced under these conditions?arrow_forwardDetermine the volume (L) of hydrogen needed (based on room temperature 25 °C and l atm) to hydrotreat 1 liter crude oil with 1.8 wt % S to a sulfur content of 0.2 wt%. The oil has a specific gravity of 0.8 (compared to water). The stoichiometry follows the following reaction: Oil-S + 2H2¬→O¡I-H2 + H2Sarrow_forward(5) The emissions from a manufacturing process contain gaseous pollutant that cause odors and fumes. The company plans to incinerate the 5,000 acfm exhaust stream. Estimate the volumetric (standard) flowrate of natural gas fuel required to increase the waste gas stream temperature from the initial 80°F to the required temperature of 2500°F. Energy (enthalpy) is transferred from the fuel to the gas. Neglect any possible heat losses in this process. The average net heating value of natural gas is 850 - 1050 Btu/std-ft. Include a diagram of the scenario.arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY