Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The inlet-outlet enthalpy table for the given process is to be prepared and filled using elemental species as reference. Also, the required heat transfer to the reactor is proven to be
Concept introduction:
Specific heat capacity
Specific enthalpy
Here,
The equation for energy balance is:
Here,
(b)
Interpretation:
The inlet-outlet enthalpy table for the given process is to be prepared and filled using elemental species as reference. Also, the required heat transfer to the reactor is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Specific heat capacity
Specific enthalpy
Here,
The equation for energy balance is:
Here,
(c)
Interpretation:
The percentage by which the heat requirement is reduced for the modified process in part (b) is to be calculated. Also, two reasons are to be stated for this reduction along with the benefits of feeding the combustion gas to the calcination reactor.
Concept introduction:
The formula to calculate the percentage reduction is:
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Chapter 9 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- Calcium carbide, CaC2, is manufactured by reducing lime with carbon at high temperature. (The carbide is used in turn to make acetylene, an industrially important organic chemical.) Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?arrow_forwardChlorine dioxide, ClO2, is a reddish yellow gas used in bleaching paper pulp. The average speed of a ClO2 molecule at 25C is 306 m/s. What is the kinetic energy (in joules) of a ClO2 molecule moving at this speed?arrow_forwardCalculate H when a 38-g sample of glucose, C6H12O6(s), burns in excess O2(g) to form CO2(g) and H2O() in a reaction at constant pressure and 298.15 K.arrow_forward
- An industrial process for manufacturing sulfuric acid, H2SO4, uses hydrogen sulfide, H2S, from the purification of natural gas. In the first step of this process, the hydrogen sulfide is burned to obtain sulfur dioxide, SO2. 2H2S(g)+3O2(g)2H2O(l)+2SO2(g);H=1124kJ The density of sulfur dioxide at 25C and 1.00 atm is 2.62 g/L, and the molar heat capacity is 30.2 J/(mol C). (a) How much heat would be evolved in producing 1.00 L of SO2 at 25C and 1.00 atm? (b) Suppose heat from this reaction is used to heat 1.00 L of the SO2 from 25C to 500C for its use in the next step of the process. What percentage of the heat evolved is required for this?arrow_forwardThe formation of aluminum oxide from its elements is highly exothermic. If 2.70 g Al metal is burned in pure O2 to give A12O3, calculate how much thermal energy is evolved in the process (at constant pressure).arrow_forwardCombustion of table sugar produces CO2(g) and H2O( l). When 1.46 g table sugar is combusted in a constant-volume (bomb) calorimeter, 24.00 kJ of heat is liberated. a. Assuming that table sugar is pure sucrose, C12H22O11 (s), write the balanced equation for the combustion reaction. b. Calculate E in kJ/mol C12H22O11 for the combustion reaction of sucrose.arrow_forward
- One of the components of polluted air is NO. It is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines by the following reaction: N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g)H=180KJ Why are high temperatures needed to convert N2 and O2 to NO?arrow_forwardWhen steam condenses to liquid water, 2.26 kJ of heat is released per gram. The heat from 168 g of steam is used to heat a room containing 6.44 104 g of air (20 ft 12 ft 8 ft). The specific heat of air at normal pressure is 1.015 J/(gC). What is the change in air temperature, assuming the heat from the steam is all absorbed by air?arrow_forwardFor each of the following processes, predict the algebraic sign of rH, rS, and rG. No calculations are necessary; use your common sense. (a) The decomposition of liquid water to give gaseous oxygen and hydrogen, a process that requires a considerable amount of energy. (b) Dynamite is a mixture of nitroglycerin, C3H5N3O9, and diatomaceous earth. The explosive decomposition of nitroglycerin gives gaseous products such as water, CO2, and others; much heat is evolved. (c) The combustion of gasoline in the engine of your car, as exemplified by the combustion of octane. 2 C8H18(g) + 25 O2(g) 16 CO2(g) + 18 H2O(g)arrow_forward
- Water gas is produced from the reaction of steam with coal: C(s)+H2O(g)H2(g)+CO(g) Assuming that coal is pure graphite, calculate H for this reaction.arrow_forwardWhich molecule, F2, Cl2, Br2, or I2, has the weakest chemical bond?arrow_forwardThe decomposition of ozone, O3, to oxygen, O2, is an exothermic reaction. What is the sign of q? If you were to touch a flask in which ozone is decomposing to oxygen, would you expect the flask to feel warm or cool?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
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