The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305076761
Author: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.45P
To determine
The type of diffusion and the activation energy for the diffusion.
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4. Johnston and Gilman reported that in a grown LiF crystal that has been subjected to a constantstress of 10.8 MPa, the dislocation velocity at 249.1 K was 6×10-3 cm/s and at 227.3 K thevelocity was 10-6 cm/s. They also observed that their data suggested an Arrhenius relationshipbetween the dislocation velocity and the absolute temperature so that we can write? = ?exp ( ― ?/??)where v is the dislocation velocity, A is a constant of proportionality, Q an effective activationenergy in J/mol, and R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol.K). Determine Q and A usingthe given data and the above equation.
5. A typical cross-head speed in a tensile testing machine is 0.2 in./min.
(a) What is thenominal/engineering strain rate imposed by this cross-head speed on a typical engineering tensilespecimen with a 2 inch gauge length?
(b) Estimate the average dislocation velocity that would be obtained at this strain rate in analpha-iron specimen with a total dislocation density of 1010 cm-2 of…
g. Why is the grain boundaries oxidization more sever and are the 1st
to be oxidized than the grain surface themselves?
In copper, what percentage of the volume change which occurs as the specimen is heated from room temperature to its melting point is due to the increased vacancy concentration, assuming that the vacancy concentration is just below the melting point (1083 oC) is 10-4. Given: Assume that the linear thermal expansion coefficient of copper is 16.5×10-6 K-1 over the whole temperature range.
Chapter 5 Solutions
The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5 - What is the driving force for diffusion?Ch. 5 - Give three examples of materials processes that...Ch. 5 - In the carburization treatment of steels, what are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5 - A certain mechanical component is heat treated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16PCh. 5 - Compare the diffusion coefficients of carb on in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Activation energy is sometimes expressed as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - The activation energy for the diffusion of copper...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25PCh. 5 - Write down Fick’s first law of diffusion. Clearly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - A 1-mm-thick BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33PCh. 5 - A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Pure zinc is to be diffused into copper by dipping...Ch. 5 - Nitriding is a process in which nitrogen is...Ch. 5 - Determine the carburizing time necessary to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - A 0.80% C steel must operate at 950°C in an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Most metals and alloys can be processed using the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - A ceramic part made from MgO is sintered...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - What are the advantages of using hot pressing and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81DPCh. 5 - Design a spherical tank, with a will thickness of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.83DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.1KP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- 1. Dislocations: What Are They? What makes them significant in metals and alloys? By drawing a 2D ball and stick model, you can highlight the key characteristics of an edge dislocation, including the extra-half plane, dislocation center, slip plane, sense vector, and Burgers vector. 2.What are the Burgers and sensation (dislocation line) vectors used for? Please answer all with full detailarrow_forwardCalculate the residual molar entropy for molecular crystals of 1,3,5-Trichlorobenzenearrow_forwardMoving to another question will save this response. uestion 37 Materials with dislocations have lower shear strengths than materials with no dislocations. Is this true or false? Moving to another question will save this response. Larrow_forward
- A 30% ethylene glycol solution in water is gradually cooled. At what temperature in degree celsius does crystallization begin?arrow_forwardAnswer in 2 to 3 sentences. How does point defect affects the property of a material. Why does diffusion in solids important? Why do we need to study the mechanical properties of a metal?arrow_forwardIn precipitation hardening, after being quenched into solution, overcooling is done and then either artificial aging is done at 180-250°C or natural aging is done at room temperature, both of which occur through diffusion, where temperature and time parameters are dominant. While 180°C and 250°C provide sufficient temperature for diffusion, is it not interesting that diffusion occurs at room temperature? This is because of the thermal energy of atoms causing them to move, which may facilitate diffusion at room temperature.arrow_forward
- Why is atomic diffusion called a thermal activation process? What does the thermal activation energy represent? How does the diffusion rate depend on temperature?arrow_forward(a) Describe with illustration, TWO (2) possible point defects that can occur in metal alloying elements. (b) Nickel and boron are to be diffused into an FCC iron metal during surface treatment. The diffusion process begins at the same time for both nickel and boron atoms. Identify with justification which metal atom diffused at a higher rate during the process. Table 2: Atom and crystal characteristic Atomic radius Crystal Structure Electronegativity Element Ni 0.1246 FCC +2 0.085 Rhombohedral +3 Fe 0.124 FCC +2 C 0.071 НСР +4arrow_forwardAnswer in a brief and concise essay. 1. Why does diffusion in solids important?arrow_forward
- 1. What is diffusion? Briefly explain the difference between self-diffusion and interdiffusion. 2. Compare interstitial and vacancy atomic mechanisms for diffusion. 3. Differentiate steady-state diffusion to nonsteady-state diffusion.arrow_forwardFind the Miller indices of the plane shown below. (Show all steps and working). Use the correct type of bracket and bar notation for negative indices B 1/4 a C b Chkarrow_forward6. Below is a dislocation reaction which occurs in FCC crystals when one Frank partialdislocation loop (imperfect/partial dislocation) with stacking fault within reacts with a Shockleypartial dislocation, leading to a perfect dislocation. (a) Fill in the missing digits of the Millerindex associated with the Burgers vector of the Shockley partial assuming that the dislocationreaction is vectorially feasible. (b) Prove that the following dislocation reaction is energeticallyfeasible. ?/3 [111] + ?/6 [???] = ?/2 [110] 7. Describe a-dislocations, c-dislocations and c+a dislocations, which may be possible in HCPcrystals. Give specific examples from Mg and alpha-Zr. Include any citation(s) that you use toanswer the question (hint: Do self-study to answer this question).arrow_forward
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