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The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305076761
Author: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.81DP
To determine
To design: The heat treatment process in terms of time and temperature.
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Chapter 5 Solutions
The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5 - What is the driving force for diffusion?Ch. 5 - Give three examples of materials processes that...Ch. 5 - In the carburization treatment of steels, what are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5 - A certain mechanical component is heat treated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16PCh. 5 - Compare the diffusion coefficients of carb on in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Activation energy is sometimes expressed as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - The activation energy for the diffusion of copper...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25PCh. 5 - Write down Fick’s first law of diffusion. Clearly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - A 1-mm-thick BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33PCh. 5 - A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Pure zinc is to be diffused into copper by dipping...Ch. 5 - Nitriding is a process in which nitrogen is...Ch. 5 - Determine the carburizing time necessary to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - A 0.80% C steel must operate at 950°C in an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Most metals and alloys can be processed using the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - A ceramic part made from MgO is sintered...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - What are the advantages of using hot pressing and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81DPCh. 5 - Design a spherical tank, with a will thickness of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.83DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.1KP
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- An FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere that gives a surface carbon concentration constant at 1.0 wt%. If after 49.5 h, the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 4.0 mm below the surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out.arrow_forwardAn FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere wherein the surface carbon concentration is maintained at 1.0 wt%. If after 51 h the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 3.5 mm below the surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out. You will need to use data in the two tables below to solve this problem. Diffusing Species Fe Table 5.1 Tabulation of Error Function Values erf(z) 0 0.0282 0.0564 0.1125 Fe Z 0 0.025 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 Table 5.2 A Tabulation of Diffusion Data Host Metal a-Fe (BCC) y-Fe (FCC) a-Fe 0.1680 0.2227 0.2763 0.3286 0.3794 y-Fe 0.4284 0.4755 0.5205 Z 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.0 1.1 1.2 Do(m²/s) 2.8 x 10-4 5.0 x 10-5 6.2 x 10-7 2.3 x 10-5 erf(z) 0.5633 0.6039 0.6420 0.6778 0.7112 0.7421 0.7707 0.7970 0.8209 0.8427 0.8802 0.9103 80 284 Z 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Activation Energy Qa kJ/mol eVlatom 251…arrow_forward•You are case-hardening a tool made of BCC (α) iron in the presence of a carbonaceous material. A heat treatment at 600 oC for 100 minutes results in a carbon concentration of 0.75 wt% at a position 0.5mm below the surface. How long would it take to obtain the same concentration at the same position if the heat treatment were conducted at 900 oC? x12/D1t1= x22/D2t2 Arrhenius equation: D=D0e^(〖-Qd〗∕RT) Qd = Activation energy of diffusion D0 = Pre-exponential diffusion factor R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K) Use the Arrhenius equation to calculate D1 and D2. Calculate the time to satisfy the problem statement.arrow_forward
- Question 8 A sheet of steel 3 mm thick is exposed on one side to a nitrogen-rich atmosphere at 1200°C and is permitted to achieve a steady-state diffusion condition. It is known that from the high- pressure nitrogen-rich side, the concentration of nitrogen on the steel surface is 6 kg/m³. The diffusion coefficient for nitrogen in steel at this temperature is 5x10-11 m²/s, and the diffusion flux is found to be 1.6 x 107 kg/m² s. How far into the sheet from this high-pressure side will the concentration be 2.0 kg/m³? Assume a linear concentration profile. The Fick's first law is given by the equation: dC J = - D dxarrow_forwardA 1020 steel contains 0.20% carbon is carburized by a source that maintains a surface carbon content 0f 2.0% C. It is desired to produce a 0.80 wt% C concentration 0.1 cm below the steel surface after a 4-hour treatment. At what temperature should the carburization be carried out? R = 8.314 J/mol•K; DO = 2.3x10-5 m2 /s; Qd=148,000 J/mol erf(z) erf(z) erf(z) 0.55 0.5633 1.3 0.9340 0.025 0.05 0.0282 0.60 0.6039 1.4 0.9523 0.0564 0.65 0.6420 1.5 0.9661 0.10 0.1125 0.70 0.6778 1.6 0.9763 0.15 0.1680 0.75 0.7112 1.7 0.9838 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.2227 0.80 0.7421 1.8 0.9891 0.2763 0.85 0.7707 1.9 0.9928 0.3286 0.90 0.7970 2.0 0.9953 0.35 0.3794 0.95 0.8209 2.2 0.9981 0.40 0.4284 1.0 0.8427 2.4 0.9993 0.45 0.4755 1.1 0.8802 2.6 0.9998 0.50 0.5205 1.2 0.9103 2.8 0.9999arrow_forward(c) A 1020 steel gear is carburized at 927°C and gives the surface carbon concentration maintained at 1.2 wt%. After 8 hours, the concentration of carbon is 0.4 wt%. Note: D (C in y iron) at 927°C = 1.28 × 10*1" m²/s. Determine the depth of the carbon diffuse to the gear steel after 8 hours. (d) State the importance of case hardening in gear steel components in the steel metal industry.arrow_forward
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