The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305076761
Author: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5.68P
To determine
The time required for nitriding.
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A 1020 steel contains 0.20% carbon is carburized by a source that maintains a surface carbon content 0f
2.0% C. It is desired to produce a 0.80 wt% C concentration 0.1 cm below the steel surface after a 4-hour
treatment. At what temperature should the carburization be carried out? R = 8.314 J/mol•K; DO =
2.3x10-5 m2 /s; Qd=148,000 J/mol
erf(z)
erf(z)
erf(z)
0.55
0.5633
1.3
0.9340
0.025
0.05
0.0282
0.60
0.6039
1.4
0.9523
0.0564
0.65
0.6420
1.5
0.9661
0.10
0.1125
0.70
0.6778
1.6
0.9763
0.15
0.1680
0.75
0.7112
1.7
0.9838
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.2227
0.80
0.7421
1.8
0.9891
0.2763
0.85
0.7707
1.9
0.9928
0.3286
0.90
0.7970
2.0
0.9953
0.35
0.3794
0.95
0.8209
2.2
0.9981
0.40
0.4284
1.0
0.8427
2.4
0.9993
0.45
0.4755
1.1
0.8802
2.6
0.9998
0.50
0.5205
1.2
0.9103
2.8
0.9999
Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.50 wt% at a position 1.2 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.18 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.1 wt% C, and
the treatment is to be conducted at 1200°C. Assume that Do
6.5 x 10-5 m2/s and Qd = 168 kJ/mol. The following table may be useful.
%3D
Table 5.1 Tabulation of Error Function Values
erf(z)
erf(z)
erf(z)
0.55
0.5633
1.3
0.9340
0.0282
0.0564
0.025
0.60
0.6039
1.4
0.9523
0.05
0.10
0.65
0.70
0.75
0.6420
1.5
0.9661
0.1125
0.6778
1.6
0.9763
0.15
0.1680
0.7112
1.7
0.9838
0.20
0.2227
0.80
0.7421
1.8
0.9891
0.85
0.90
0.25
0.2763
0.7707
1.9
0.9928
0.9953
0.9981
0.30
0.3286
0.7970
2.0
0.35
0.3794
0.95
0.8209
2.2
0.8427
0.8802
0.40
0.4284
1.0
2.4
0.9993
0.45
0.4755
1.1
2.6
0.9998
0.50
0.5205
1.2
0.9103
2.8
0.9999
Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.50 wt% at a position 3.1 mm into an iron-carbon
alloy that initially contains 0.12 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.2 wt% C, and the treatment is to be
conducted at 1080°C. Assume that Do = 5.8 x 10-5 m²/s and Qd = 156 kJ/mol. The table Tabulation Error Function Values may be
useful.
Chapter 5 Solutions
The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5 - What is the driving force for diffusion?Ch. 5 - Give three examples of materials processes that...Ch. 5 - In the carburization treatment of steels, what are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5 - A certain mechanical component is heat treated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16PCh. 5 - Compare the diffusion coefficients of carb on in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Activation energy is sometimes expressed as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - The activation energy for the diffusion of copper...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25PCh. 5 - Write down Fick’s first law of diffusion. Clearly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - A 1-mm-thick BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33PCh. 5 - A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Pure zinc is to be diffused into copper by dipping...Ch. 5 - Nitriding is a process in which nitrogen is...Ch. 5 - Determine the carburizing time necessary to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - A 0.80% C steel must operate at 950°C in an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Most metals and alloys can be processed using the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - A ceramic part made from MgO is sintered...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - What are the advantages of using hot pressing and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81DPCh. 5 - Design a spherical tank, with a will thickness of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.83DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.1KP
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- Given that a component is made of 0.1 wt.%C steel is carburized by introducing 1.0 wt.% carbon at its surface at 980ºC. Calculate the carbon content at 0.5 mm below the surface of this component after 1 hour.Do= 0.2 cm^2/s and Qd=40,000 cal/mol.arrow_forwardPravinbhaiarrow_forwardFor a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 16 h duration at 731°C will raise the carbon concentration to 0.40 wt% at a point 3.9 mm from the surface. Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 7.9 mm position for an identical steel and at a carburizing temperature of 1060°C. Assume that Do is 1.9 x 105 m²/s and Quis 108 kJ/mol, 3.89 -land Madin harrow_forward
- A mechanism for hardening steel is called carburization. To achieve this process, the piece of steel is exposed to an atmosphere rich in hydrocarbon such as methane (CH4). Consider a steel with a carbide concentration of 0.25wt%, which must be treated at 950˚C. If the carbon concentration at the surface is suddenly increased to 1.20wt%, how long does it take for a penetration of 0.5mm from the surface to reach a concentration of 0.80wt%? . The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m2s-1. Assume that the piece of steel is semi-finite. Use the table below.arrow_forwardDuring freezing of a Cu-Zn alloy, we find that the composition is non-uniform. By heating the alloy to 600°C for 3 hours, diffusion of zinc helps to make the composition more uniform. What temperature would be required if we wished to perform this homogenization treatment in 30 minutes?arrow_forwardFor a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 18 h duration at 885°C will raise the carbon concentration to 0.46 wt% at a point 2.0 mm from the surface. Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 8.4 mm position for an identical steel and at a carburizing temperature of 1120°C. Assume that Do is 2.5 x 10-4 m2/s and Qa is 104 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- Problem 2 Determine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.45 wt% at a position 2 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.20 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.30 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at 1000 °C. Use the diffusion data for y-Fe in Table 5.2.arrow_forwardIn a binary Fe-Fe3C system, what is a transformation that occurs when cooling an austenistic mixture of 2% C by weight from 1100°C to below the eutectoid temperature? What is the microstructure, and how is it formed? What are the total and partial phases? Given:Eutectoid temperature=723°C; Eutectoid concentration=0.76% C; Limit concentration of ferrite=0.022%; Limiting concentration of cementite: 6.7%.arrow_forwardAn FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere wherein the surface carbon concentration is maintained at 1.0 wt%. If after 51 h the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 3.5 mm below the surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out. You will need to use data in the two tables below to solve this problem. Diffusing Species Fe Table 5.1 Tabulation of Error Function Values erf(z) 0 0.0282 0.0564 0.1125 Fe Z 0 0.025 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 Table 5.2 A Tabulation of Diffusion Data Host Metal a-Fe (BCC) y-Fe (FCC) a-Fe 0.1680 0.2227 0.2763 0.3286 0.3794 y-Fe 0.4284 0.4755 0.5205 Z 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.0 1.1 1.2 Do(m²/s) 2.8 x 10-4 5.0 x 10-5 6.2 x 10-7 2.3 x 10-5 erf(z) 0.5633 0.6039 0.6420 0.6778 0.7112 0.7421 0.7707 0.7970 0.8209 0.8427 0.8802 0.9103 80 284 Z 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Activation Energy Qa kJ/mol eVlatom 251…arrow_forward
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