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The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305076761
Author: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5.59P
Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in alumina
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Determine the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum, if theequilibrium number of vacancies at 500 °C is 7.57 × 1023 m-3. Given that theatomic weight and density for aluminum are 26.98 g/mol and2.62 g/cm3, respectively.
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Calculate the number of vacancies per m3 for gold at 900 C. the energy for vacancy formation is 0.86 eV/atom.
Chapter 5 Solutions
The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5 - What is the driving force for diffusion?Ch. 5 - Give three examples of materials processes that...Ch. 5 - In the carburization treatment of steels, what are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5 - A certain mechanical component is heat treated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16PCh. 5 - Compare the diffusion coefficients of carb on in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Activation energy is sometimes expressed as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - The activation energy for the diffusion of copper...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25PCh. 5 - Write down Fick’s first law of diffusion. Clearly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - A 1-mm-thick BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33PCh. 5 - A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Pure zinc is to be diffused into copper by dipping...Ch. 5 - Nitriding is a process in which nitrogen is...Ch. 5 - Determine the carburizing time necessary to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - A 0.80% C steel must operate at 950°C in an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Most metals and alloys can be processed using the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - A ceramic part made from MgO is sintered...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - What are the advantages of using hot pressing and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81DPCh. 5 - Design a spherical tank, with a will thickness of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.83DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.1KP
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Question: 4 A sheet of copper is exposed to oxygen at 1000°C. After 100 h, 0.245 g of copper are lost per cm' of surface area; after 250 h, 0.385 g/ cm² are lost; and after 500 h, 0.560 g/ em are lost. i. Determine whether oxidation is parabolic, linear, or logarithmic ii. Calculate the time required for a 0.76-cm sheet of copper to be completely oxidized. The sheet of copper is oxidized from both sides.arrow_forwardwhat are the miller indices of the plane stu in the diagram shown in the image attachedarrow_forwardDecarburization of a steel occurs when carbon diffuses from the steel to the surface and enters the atmosphere. How long will it take for a 0.6 % C steel surface to decarburize below 0.1 % C for a depth of 2 mm if the FCC steel is held at 1250 °C in an atmosphere containing zero carbon? I need this question's answer. It's important for me.arrow_forward
- The equilibrium vacancy concentration at 800 °C is 1015 times of that at 25 °C, calculate the molar Gibbs free energy of formation of vacancy in Joule/mole.arrow_forwardQ3/ A- What are the important reactions in( Fe- C) system? B- Calculate the activation energy for vacancy formation in aluminum ,given that the equilibrium number of vacancies at 500°C is 7.57 x10 m.The atomic weight and density for aluminum are respectively, 26.98g /mol and 2.62 g/em.,Avogadros number ( 6.022x10 atoms/mol ), and Boltzmanns constant (8.62x10 ev /atom.K).?arrow_forwardNickel experiences corrosion in an acid solution according to the reaction Ni + 2H† → Ni²+ + H, (a) The rates of both oxidation and reduction half-reactions are controlled by activation polarization. Compute the rate of oxidation of Ni (in mol/cm2-s) given the following activation polarization data: For Nickel For Hydrogen V(H/H,) = 0 V i, = 6 × 10-7 A/cm² B = -0.10 V(NINP") = -0.25 V io = 10¬8 A/cm² B = +0.12 (b) Compute the value of the corrosion potential.arrow_forward
- I want to know the formula for calculating the molar entropy change of aluminium giving the initial and final temperatures?arrow_forwardIron (Fe) undergoes an allotropic transformation at 912°C: upon heating from a BCC (α phase) to an FCC (γ phase). Accompanying this transformation is a change in the atomic radius of Fe—from RBCC = 0.12584 nm to RFCC = 0.12894 nm—and, in addition, a change in density (and volume). Compute the percentage volume change associated with this reaction. Indicate a decreasing volume by a negative number.arrow_forwardMaximum solubility in FCC austenite at 1147 °C is 2.04 wt% 2.14 wt% 14.2 wt% O 0.022 wt% Oarrow_forward
- Metal A (Tm=860 oC) and metal B (Tm=620 oC) were fully dissolved in each other in the liquid state. The ultimate solubility of B in A is 12% at 460 oC which decreasing with decreasing temperature to 3% at room temperature while the maximum solubility of A in B is 7% at 460 oC still constant to room temperature. A and B form eutectic at 460 oC and 48 % of B. construct phase diagram for A-B alloying system, label all phases and temperatures, and answer the following: a) 28 wt % A alloy is slowly cooled from 720 oC at what temperature does the first solid phase is formed? What is the composition of this solid phase? For this alloy what is the mass fraction of the phases at, 600 oC, 300 oC ,and TR? c) What is the ?composition of the phases in (b)arrow_forwardCopper (Cu) and silver (Ag) alloys form a binary alloy system that dissolves each othercompletely in the liquid state but only partially soluble in each other in the solid state.- The melting point of Cu is 1080 C and the melting point of Ag is 960 C.- At a temperature of 790 C, a eutectic reaction occurs in the 72% Ag alloy. At this temperature, Cucapable of dissolving 10% Ag and its eutectic microstructure is known to have a ratio of /β = 7/19 (findthe point of solubility of Cu in Ag at the eutectic temperature).- At room temperature (25 C), Cu metal can dissolve 5% Ag while Ag metal candissolve 2% Cu.a. Draw a phase diagram of the alloy system complete with the names of points, lines and phase regions.b. The 80%Ag alloy is cooled in equilibrium.i. Draw the cooling curve from liquid to solid state, complete withtemperature, the phases at each stage and the reactions that occur.ii. At the eutectic temperature (4a before and 4b after the eutectic reaction), determine the…arrow_forwardA mechanism for hardening steel is called carburization. To achieve this process, the piece of steel is exposed to an atmosphere rich in hydrocarbon such as methane (CH4). Consider a steel with a carbide concentration of 0.25wt%, which must be treated at 950˚C. If the carbon concentration at the surface is suddenly increased to 1.20wt%, how long does it take for a penetration of 0.5mm from the surface to reach a concentration of 0.80wt%? . The diffusion coefficient for carbon in iron at this temperature is 1.6 x 10-11 m2s-1. Assume that the piece of steel is semi-finite. Use the table below.arrow_forward
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