The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305076761
Author: Donald R. Askeland, Wendelin J. Wright
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 5, Problem 5.84DP
To determine
The heat treatment that eliminates the non-uniformity without melting.
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A 50%Ni-50%Cu alloy is slowly cooled from 1400°C to 1200°C. Determine: At 1300°C, estimate the weight fractions of the solid and liquid.
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•You are case-hardening a tool made of BCC (α) iron in the presence of a carbonaceous material. A heat treatment at 600 oC for 100 minutes results in a carbon concentration of 0.75 wt% at a position 0.5mm below the surface. How long would it take to obtain the same concentration at the same position if the heat treatment were conducted at 900 oC?
x12/D1t1= x22/D2t2
Arrhenius equation: D=D0e^(〖-Qd〗∕RT)
Qd = Activation energy of diffusion
D0 = Pre-exponential diffusion factor
R = gas constant = 8.314 J/(mol*K)
Use the Arrhenius equation to calculate D1 and D2.
Calculate the time to satisfy the problem statement.
Chapter 5 Solutions
The Science and Engineering of Materials (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 5 - What is the driving force for diffusion?Ch. 5 - Give three examples of materials processes that...Ch. 5 - In the carburization treatment of steels, what are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7PCh. 5 - A certain mechanical component is heat treated...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10P
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.11PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.12PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.13PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.14PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.15PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.16PCh. 5 - Compare the diffusion coefficients of carb on in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.18PCh. 5 - Activation energy is sometimes expressed as...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.20PCh. 5 - The activation energy for the diffusion of copper...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.22PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.23PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.24PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.25PCh. 5 - Write down Fick’s first law of diffusion. Clearly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.27PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.28PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.29PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.30PCh. 5 - A 1-mm-thick BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.32PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.33PCh. 5 - A 0.001 in. BCC iron foil is used to separate a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.35PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.36PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.37PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.38PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.39PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.40PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.41PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.42PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.43PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.44PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.45PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.46PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.47PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.48PCh. 5 - Pure zinc is to be diffused into copper by dipping...Ch. 5 - Nitriding is a process in which nitrogen is...Ch. 5 - Determine the carburizing time necessary to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.52PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.53PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.54PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.55PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.56PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.57PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.58PCh. 5 - Compare the rate at which oxygen ions diffuse in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.60PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.61PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.62PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.63PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.64PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.65PCh. 5 - A 0.80% C steel must operate at 950°C in an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.67PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.68PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.69PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.70PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.71PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.72PCh. 5 - Most metals and alloys can be processed using the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.74PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.75PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.76PCh. 5 - A ceramic part made from MgO is sintered...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.78PCh. 5 - What are the advantages of using hot pressing and...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.80PCh. 5 - Prob. 5.81DPCh. 5 - Design a spherical tank, with a will thickness of...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.83DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.84DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.85DPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.86CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.87CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.88CPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.1KP
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- Describe the cooling of a peritectic alloy with the concentration CO and sketch the microstructure during solidification. T S+α 8 S S+B a+ß В сarrow_forwardDetermine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.50 wt% at a position 3.1 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.12 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.2 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at 1080°C. Assume that Do = 5.8 x 10-5 m²/s and Qd = 156 kJ/mol. The table Tabulation Error Function Values may be useful.arrow_forwardDetermine the carburizing time necessary to achieve a carbon concentration of 0.50 wt% at a position 1.2 mm into an iron-carbon alloy that initially contains 0.18 wt% C. The surface concentration is to be maintained at 1.1 wt% C, and the treatment is to be conducted at 1200°C. Assume that Do 6.5 x 10-5 m2/s and Qd = 168 kJ/mol. The following table may be useful. %3D Table 5.1 Tabulation of Error Function Values erf(z) erf(z) erf(z) 0.55 0.5633 1.3 0.9340 0.0282 0.0564 0.025 0.60 0.6039 1.4 0.9523 0.05 0.10 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.6420 1.5 0.9661 0.1125 0.6778 1.6 0.9763 0.15 0.1680 0.7112 1.7 0.9838 0.20 0.2227 0.80 0.7421 1.8 0.9891 0.85 0.90 0.25 0.2763 0.7707 1.9 0.9928 0.9953 0.9981 0.30 0.3286 0.7970 2.0 0.35 0.3794 0.95 0.8209 2.2 0.8427 0.8802 0.40 0.4284 1.0 2.4 0.9993 0.45 0.4755 1.1 2.6 0.9998 0.50 0.5205 1.2 0.9103 2.8 0.9999arrow_forward
- A 1.5-kg specimen of a 88 wt% Pb-12 wt% Sn alloy (Animated Figure 9.8) is heated to 220°C; at this temperature it is entirely an a- phase solid solution. The alloy is to be melted to the extent that 50% of the specimen is liquid, the remainder being the a phase. This may be accomplished either by heating the alloy or changing its composition while holding the temperature constant. (a) To what temperature must the specimen be heated? i °C (b) How much tin must be added to the 1.5-kg specimen at 220°C to achieve this state? i kgarrow_forwarddraw the iron diagram and explain the process taking place from 0-1539 degrees celsius and from .02-6.67% carbonarrow_forwardFor a steel alloy it has been determined that a carburizing heat treatment of 18 h duration at 885°C will raise the carbon concentration to 0.46 wt% at a point 2.0 mm from the surface. Estimate the time necessary to achieve the same concentration at a 8.4 mm position for an identical steel and at a carburizing temperature of 1120°C. Assume that Do is 2.5 x 10-4 m2/s and Qa is 104 kJ/mol.arrow_forward
- Refer to the Time Temperature Transformation (TTT) diagram given in Appendix A: (i) Determine the resulting microstructure for 0.8% carbon steel if the steel is rapidly cooled from the y region to 280°C within 5 seconds. (i) If the resulting microstructure in Question 6b (i) above is reheat to 300°C within 1 minute and hold for 1 hour at remain temperature, then and then rapidly quenched to room temperature, determine its final microstructure. (ii) If the resulting microstructure in Question 6b (i) above is reheat to 300°C within 1 minute and hold for 16 minutes at remain temperature, then and then rapidly quenched to room temperature, determine its final microstructure. (iv) Arrange the mircostructures 6 (b) (i,i and i) from the lowest to the highest hardnes value. (v) Sketch the thermal history from Question 6b (i) to (ii) on a TTT diagram.arrow_forwardAn FCC iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.20 wt% C is carburized at an elevated temperature and in an atmosphere wherein the surface carbon concentration is maintained at 1.0 wt%. If after 51 h the concentration of carbon is 0.35 wt% at a position 3.5 mm below the surface, determine the temperature at which the treatment was carried out. You will need to use data in the two tables below to solve this problem. Diffusing Species Fe Table 5.1 Tabulation of Error Function Values erf(z) 0 0.0282 0.0564 0.1125 Fe Z 0 0.025 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 Table 5.2 A Tabulation of Diffusion Data Host Metal a-Fe (BCC) y-Fe (FCC) a-Fe 0.1680 0.2227 0.2763 0.3286 0.3794 y-Fe 0.4284 0.4755 0.5205 Z 0.55 0.60 0.65 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.0 1.1 1.2 Do(m²/s) 2.8 x 10-4 5.0 x 10-5 6.2 x 10-7 2.3 x 10-5 erf(z) 0.5633 0.6039 0.6420 0.6778 0.7112 0.7421 0.7707 0.7970 0.8209 0.8427 0.8802 0.9103 80 284 Z 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Activation Energy Qa kJ/mol eVlatom 251…arrow_forwardDuring freezing of a Cu-Zn alloy, we find that the composition is non-uniform. By heating the alloy to 600°C for 3 hours, diffusion of zinc helps to make the composition more uniform. What temperature would be required if we wished to perform this homogenization treatment in 30 minutes?arrow_forward
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