(a)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
The fundamental principles that are followed to write an electronic configuration include three rules as follows:
Electron in a
Hund’s rule suggests electrons are not allowed to be paired up until each degenerate set of orbital has got at least one electron.
Pauli Exclusion Principle states two electrons within the same orbital cannot possess same set for four possible quantum numbers. Quantum-mechanical equivalent for this state means that two electrons are not allowed to have the same space simultaneously. Since one electron may certain discrete same set of n, l and m values, however, the fourth spin quantum number should be different. This provides a unique address to every electron. Since the possible magnitudes of spin can be either +1/2 or -1/2 thus at maximum two electrons can occupy any given orbital.
The convention followed to remove or add electrons is electrons of largest principal quantum number are lost first. In case of subshells of the same
(b)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(d)
Interpretation:
The
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
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Chemical Principles: The Quest for Insight
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