Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337399074
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 128GQ

Ma huang, an extract from the ephedra species of plants, contains ephedrine. The Chinese have used this herb for more than 5000 years to treat asthma. More recently, ephedrine has been used in diet pills that can be purchased over the counter in herbal medicine shops. However, very serious concerns have been raised regarding these pills following reports that their use led to serious heart problems.

(a) A molecular model of ephedrine is drawn below. From this determine the molecular formula for ephedrine and calculate its molar mass.

(b) What is the weight percent of carbon in ephedrine?

(c) Calculate the amount (moles) of ephedrine in a 0.125 g sample.

(d) How many molecules of ephedrine are there in 0.125 g? How many C atoms?

Chapter 2, Problem 128GQ, Ma huang, an extract from the ephedra species of plants, contains ephedrine. The Chinese have used

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecular formula for ephedrine and its molar mass should be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Moleofsubstance=GramofsubstanceMolarmass
  • Numberofatoms/molecules=Moleofsubstance×Avogadronumber
  • A chemical formula conveys us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound as well as how many are for each element in the form of subscripts
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol)
  • Weight percentage is one way to represent the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Weight percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of weight of element to the weight of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.

Answer to Problem 128GQ

The molecular formula of ephedrine is C10H15NO and it has 165.1g/mol molar mass

Explanation of Solution

Given,

The molecular model of ephedrine is,

  Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 2, Problem 128GQ

There are ten carbon atoms, one oxygen atoms fifteen hydrogen atoms and one nitrogen atom

Therefore molecular formula of ephedrine is C10H15NO

Molar mass of ephedrine can be calculated as follows,

(10×12.01massofC)+(15×1massofH)+(16massofO)+(14massofN)=165.1g/mol

Molar mass of ephedrine is 165.1g/mol

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The weight for carbon present in ephedrine should be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Moleofsubstance=GramofsubstanceMolarmass
  • Numberofatoms/molecules=Moleofsubstance×Avogadronumber
  • A chemical formula conveys us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound as well as how many are for each element in the form of subscripts
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol)
  • Weight percentage is one way to represent the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Weight percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of weight of element to the weight of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.

Answer to Problem 128GQ

  The mass percent of carbon in ephedrine is 72.74%

Explanation of Solution

Mass percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of mass of element to the mass of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.

The molecular formula of the given ephedrine compound is C10H15NO and its molar mass is 165.1g/mol

And this compound namely ephedrine contains ten carbon atoms, molar mass of carbon atom is 12.01g/mol

  MolarMassofCarboninthecompound =10×12.01=120.1g/molMasspercentofCarboninC10H15NO=MolarmassofcarbonMolarmassofC10H15NO×100 =120.1165.1×100 =72.74%

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The amount of ephedrine present in 0.125gsample of given ephedrine compound should be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Moleofsubstance=GramofsubstanceMolarmass
  • Numberofatoms/molecules=Moleofsubstance×Avogadronumber
  • A chemical formula conveys us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound as well as how many are for each element in the form of subscripts
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol)
  • Weight percentage is one way to represent the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Weight percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of weight of element to the weight of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.

Answer to Problem 128GQ

The amount of (moles) of ephedrine in 0.125gsample is 0.000757mol

Explanation of Solution

The molecular formula of the given ephedrine compound is C10H15NO and its molar mass is 165.1g/mol

Amount of substance can be calculated by using the equation,

        Moleofsubstance=GramofsubstanceMolarmass

Then the amount of ephedrine in 0.125g sample is,

                   =0.125g165.1g/mol=0.000757mol

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecules of ephedrine present in 0.125gsample of given ephedrine compound and the number of carbon atoms should be determined.

Concept introduction:

  • Moleofsubstance=GramofsubstanceMolarmass
  • Numberofatoms/molecules=Moleofsubstance×Avogadronumber
  • A chemical formula conveys us the number of atoms of each element in a compound. It contains the symbols of the atoms of the elements present in the compound as well as how many are for each element in the form of subscripts
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol)
  • Weight percentage is one way to represent the concentration of an element in a compound or a component in a mixture. Weight percent of elements of a compound is the ratio of weight of element to the weight of whole compound and multiplied with hundred.

Answer to Problem 128GQ

There are 4.56×1020molecules of ephedrine and 4.56×1021 carbon atom in 0.125g sample of ephedrine given.

Explanation of Solution

Numberofatoms/molecules=Moleofsubstance×Avogadronumber

The number of moles of ephedrine in 0.125g sample is 0.000757mol

The number of molecules of ephedrine in 0.125g sample,

        0.000757mol×6.022×1023=4.56×1020molecules

Weight percent of carbon in ephedrine is 72.74%.

The number of Carbon atom in 0.125g sample of ephedrine is,

                 =72.74100×0.1251molC12.01g×6.022×1023=4.56×1021Catoms

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

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