(a)
Interpretation:
The flowrate of the given process is to be drawn and labelled. Also, the given expressions are to be derived.
Concept introduction:
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as
Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
The formula for the fractional conversion
Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.
Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.
For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is
(b)
Interpretation:
A spreadsheet is to be prepared according to the given form to estimate the cost of the given process.
Concept introduction:
Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.
Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.
For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is
(c)
Interpretation:
The total cost of the operation is to be minimized for temperature variation using Solver.
Concept introduction:
Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.
Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.
For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is
(d)
Interpretation:
The total cost of the operation is to be minimized pressure variation using Solver.
Concept introduction:
Dew-point temperature is the temperature at which the first drop of liquid appears when a vapor is cooled slowly at the constant pressure. At this point the condensation starts.
Solvent vapor recovery from a gas stream is done by condensation of the solvent vapor. This can be achieved by cooling the gas mixture, compressing it, or the combination of these two operations. More is the compression of the gas; less is the cooling requirement.
For a system containing one condensable gas, the applicable Raoult’s law equation is
(e)
Interpretation:
The effects of
Concept introduction:
When a space, substance, or system is cooled below its ambient temperature and the excess heat removed from it is rejected to a high-temperature reservoir, then the process is known as Refrigeration.
Compression is the process in which the pressure of a gas is increased, and its volume is decreased. This leads to the phase change of the gas from vapor to liquid.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- A 6.21 g mixture of sucrose (C₆H₁₂O₆, 342.30 g mol⁻¹) and ethyl alcohol (C₂H₆O, 46.07 g mol⁻¹) is reacted with acidic aqueous potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) solution. Produced 5.12 L CO₂(g) is collected over water at 35 °C and has a barometric pressure of 0.95 atm. Water has a vapor pressure of 42.20 mmHg. Calculate the mass percent of C₆H₁₂O₆ in the mixture. C₆H₁₂O₆(aq) + Cr₂O₇²⁻(aq) → CO₂(g) + Cr³⁺(aq) (not balanced) C₂H₆O(aq) + Cr₂O₇²⁻(aq) → CO₂(g) + Cr³⁺(aq) (not balanced)arrow_forwardHow much carbon dioxide gas (mole percent) is dissolved in a bottle of sparkling water if the manufacturer used a pressure of 2.68 atm in the bottling process at 25°C? HCO2inwater=1630atm and PsatH2O=3.166kPa at 25°C. Assume xH2O=1.arrow_forwardA mixture combining 60 mL ethanol (C₂H6O) with 75 mL water (H₂O) is prepared at 280 K. The partial molar volumes of ethanol (E) and water (W) when mixed in these proportions (right column below) and in pure form (left column below) are ethanol water pure substance molar volume 58.2 mL/mol 18.00 mL/mol partial molar volume 55.3 mL/mol 17.7 mL/mol Determine the volume of the ethanol-water mixture. [Hint: You will need to determine the moles of each component.]arrow_forward
- 1.If the partial pressure of N2 is 3.10 x 105 Pa and the partial pressure of Ne is 4.75 x 105 Pa in a given mixture, what is the mole fraction of Ne (XNe)? What type(s) of intermolecular forces must be overcome when liquid dipropyl ether (CH3CH2CH2-O-CH2CH2CH3) vaporizes? (You may select more than one. Incorrect answers will be penalised.) Question 2 options: a dipole-dipole forces b dispersion forces c hydrogen bonds d covalent bondsarrow_forward7.0 ...] Assuming 4Hfusion is constant, find the pressure necessary to lower the freezing temperature of water to -10.000 °C. The density of water and ice are 0.917 and 1.000 g cm-³.arrow_forward C6H12O6(aq)+ 2C2H5OH(aq)= 2CO2(g) Fermentation of 750 mL grape juice (density= 1.0g/L) is allowed to take place in a bottle with a total volume of 825 mL until 12% by volume is ethanol . Assuming that the CO2 is insoluble in H2O (actually, a wrong assumption), what would be the pressure of CO2 inside the wine bottle at 25 degrees Celcius? (The density of ethanol is 0.79g/L .)arrow_forward
- Combustible vapor-air mixtures are flammable over a limitedrange of concentrations. The minimum volume % of vapor thatgives a combustible mixture is called the lower flammable limit(LFL). Generally, the LFL is about half the stoichiometric mix-ture, the concentration required for complete combustion of thevapor in air. (a) If oxygen is 20.9 vol % of air, estimate the LFL forn-hexane, C₆H₁₄. (b) What volume (in mL) of n-hexane (d=0.660 g/cm³) is required to produce a flammable mixture of hexane in 1.000 m³of air at STP?arrow_forwardGas Pressure Conversions • A given P(atm) takes different column heights (h) of different liquids (p) to balance in a barometer: P(H,0) = p(H,O) gn h(H,0) P(atm) = p(Hg) g, h(Hg) 1 h oc %3D %3D ... Find mm(H,0) that measures 1 atm = 760 mmHg: %3D h(H,O) = h(Hg) x e(Ha= 760 mm(Hg) x 13.5_g/mL = [O,2le0 mm(H,O) %D %3D p(H2O) 1.0 g/mL A barometer with liquid twice as dense as water shows 1 atm as: 0.38 m 1.52 m 5.15 m 20.6 m Convert 3.11 x 10-5 atm into mTorr 1 atm =100 Torr 3.11 x 10-5 atm xloO Torr 1 atm 1 mTorr 10-3 Torr 23.0mTorr (AKA: µ) 1 in(Hg) = 25.t mm(Hg) Pa = 29.92 inHg 80.6 KPa Convert 23.8 inHg into kPa %3D 1 atm = 760 mmHg = (01325 25.4 mm(Hg)x 1 in(Hg) %3D 101325 Pa 760 mmHg 1o Pa 23.8 inHg x x 1 kPa =arrow_forwardIdeal Gas Law The pressure P, temperature T, and volume V ofan ideal gas are related by PV = nRT, where n is the number ofmoles of the gas and R is the universal gas constant. For the pur-poses of this exercise, let nR = 1; therefore, P = T/V.a. Suppose that the volume is held constant and the temperatureincreases by ∆T = 0.05. What is the approximate change inthe pressure? Does the pressure increase or decrease?b. Suppose that the temperature is held constant and the volumeincreases by ∆V = 0.1. What is the approximate change in thepressure? Does the pressure increase or decrease?c. Suppose that the pressure is held constant and the volume in-creases by ∆V = 0.1. What is the approximate change in thetemperature? Does the temperature increase or decrease?arrow_forward
- Calculate the density of a mixture of methanol (CH3OH) and water at 20oC having acomposition of 40% w/w methanol (State your assumption(Density of water at 20oC = 998.2 kg/m3; Density of methanol at 20oC = 791.2 kg/m3)arrow_forwardIn the determination of molar mass of an unknown substance by ebullioscopic constant, 30 ml of acetone (C3H6O) was placed in a test tube with thermometer and glass tubing and subjected to water bath. Upon boiling, the temperature reads 56 deg C. For the boiling point of unknown-acetone solution, you prepared the solution by mixing 1.60 g of unknown solute in the 30 mL acetone and subjected it again to water bath. The boiling temperature of the solution is 56.68 deg C. The density of acetone = 0.9849 g/mL and the Kb of acetone = 1.67 degC/kg 1. What is the value for delta Tb or the change in boiling temperature (in degrees Celsius)? 2. How many moles of solute is present in the solution given in the situation?arrow_forwardIn the determination of molar mass of an unknown substance by ebullioscopic constant, 30 mL of acetone (C3H6O) was placed in a test tube with thermometer and glass tubing and subjected to water bath. Upon boiling, the temperature reads 56 deg C. For the boiling point of unknown-acetone solution, you prepared the solution by mixing 1.60 g of unknown solute in the 30 mL acetone and subjected it again to water bath. The boiling temperature of the solution is 56.68 deg C. The density of acetone = 0.9849 g/mL and the Kb of acetone = 1.67 degC/kg What is the value for delta Tb or the change in boiling temperature (in degrees Celsius)? Final answer must be rounded off to 2 decimal places, and shall NOT have any unit.arrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
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