Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The benefits of recovering acetone should be explained.
Concept introduction:
The
Where, the volume (V) occupied by ‘n’ moles of any gas has a pressure (P) at temperature (T) in Kelvin and ‘R’ = Gas constant
(b)
Interpretation:
The percentage of acetone recovery should be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Antoine equation
Antoine equations describe the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature for pure components. This is a semi-empirical relationship.
(c)
Interpretation:
The factors needed to determine the coolant to use should be explained.
Concept introduction:
Antoine equation
Antoine equations describe the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature for pure components. This is a semi-empirical relationship.
The Ideal Gas Law is defined as,
Where, the volume (V) occupied by ‘n’ moles of any gas has a pressure (P) at temperature (T) in Kelvin and ‘R’ = Gas constant
(d)
Interpretation:
The reason for the condenser temperature to never be as low as the initial cooling fluid temperature should be explained.
Concept introduction:
Antoine equation
Antoine equations describe the relationship between vapor pressure and temperature for pure components. This is a semi-empirical relationship.
The Ideal Gas Law is defined as,
Where, the volume (V) occupied by ‘n’ moles of any gas has a pressure (P) at temperature (T) in Kelvin and ‘R’ = Gas constant
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Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- 2HF (g) = H₂(g) + F2 (g), Ke=1.0 x 10 -95 ibrium mixture contains mostly reactants. Desktop 100 2NO(g) + O₂(g) = 2NO₂(g), Kc = 6.0 × 10¹3 Address CO(g) + Cl₂ (g) = COC12 (g), Kc = 5.0 × 10-⁹ Equilibrium mixture contains mostly products. 8:18 PM ^ Tuesday 6/21/2022 ENG INarrow_forwardMethanol (CH3OH) is produced in the reaction of carbon dioxide and hydrogen via the reaction and process given below: CO2+3H2→CH3OH+H2O The fresh feed to the process contains hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and 0.400 mol% inerts (I). The reactor effluent passes through a condenser that removes essentially all of the methanol and water formed and none of the reactants or inerts. The unreacted reactants and inerts are recycled to the reactor. To avoid buildup of the inerts in the system, a purge stream is withdrawn from the recycle. 100 mol/h of feed to the reactor (not the fresh feed to the process) contains 29.5 mol% CO2, 68.0 mol% H2, and 2.50 mol% inerts. The single-pass conversion of hydrogen is 46.71%. What is the recycle-to-fresh feed ratio?arrow_forward1. Aluminum sulfate can be made by the following reaction: 2AlCl3(aq)+3 H2SO4(aq)➡Al(SO4)3(aq)+6HCl(aq). It is quit soluble in water, so to isolate it the solution has to be evaporated to dryness. This drives off the volatile HCl, but the residual solid has to be heated to a little over 200 celsius to drive off the water. In one experiment, 25.0 g of AlCl3 were mixed with 30.0 g of H2SO4. Eventually, 28.46 g of pure Al2(SO4)3 were isolated. Calculate the percentage yield. 2. The potassium salt of benzoic acid, potassium benzoate (KC7H5O2), can be made by the action of potassium permanganate on toluene (C7H8) as follows: C7H8+ KMnO4➡ KC7H5O2+ 2MnO2+ KOH+ H2O. If the yield of potassium benzoate cannot realistically be expected to be more tha 71%, what is the minimum number of grams of toluene needed to achieve this yield while producing 11.5g of potassium benzoate? 3. A chemist set up a synthesis of phosphorus trichloride by mixing 12.0g P with 35.0g Cl2 and obatained 42.2 g of PCl3.…arrow_forward
- A steady-state process to recover crystalline potassium chromate (K,CrOz) from an aqueous solution of this salt is required. Four thousand kilograms per hour of a solution that is one-third K,CrO, by mass is joined by a recycle stream containing 36.4% K2CrO7, and the combined stream is fed into an evaporator. The concentrated stream leaving the evaporator contains 49.4% K,CrO; this stream is fed into a crystallizer in which it is cooled (causing crystals of K,CrO, to come out of solution) and then filtered. The filter cake consists of K,CrO, crystals and a solution that contains 36.4% K,CrO, by mass; the crystals account for 95% of the total mass of the filter cake. The solution that passes through the filter, also 36.4% K,CrO,, is the recycle stream. 1- Draw the flowchart of the system and put all known information. 2- Calculate the rate of evaporation, the rate of production of crystalline K,CrO7, the feed rates that the evaporator and the crystallizer must be designed to handle, and…arrow_forward1) 1500 kg mixture contains 15% acetone, 75% water and 10% Acetic acid by weight. a) Calculate the total mole of mixture and molar fractions of each compound. b) Calculate Average Molecular Weight of mixture. c) 2 kmol more Acetic acid is added to the mixture. What would be the mass fractions of this new mixture? (MW: Acetone= 58 g/mol Water= 18 g/mol Acetic acid= 60 g/mol)arrow_forwardYou carry out an experiment on the physical properties of 3 organic compounds and observe the following data: Substance Solubility in Water medium Compound A low Compound B high Compound C You know that the 3 organic compounds are an alkene, ketone and alcohol of equal hydrocarbon length. Match the compounds above to their specific organic compound type based upon their solubility. And give a structural reason for the solubility observations that are observed. (I:3) Substance Identity Reason Compound A Compound B Compound Carrow_forward
- (a) Is it true that 26.3 mpg gasoline translates to 319 g CO:/mi? i. Convert mpg (miles per gallon) to miles per kg (of gasoline) using the density of gasoline ii. Convert kg of gasoline to kg of C assuming the overall formula for gasoline is CıH1a5 ii. Convert kg of C to kg of CO2 iv. Now finally compute g CO:/mi corresponding to 26.3 mpg and compare to 319 g CO2/miarrow_forwardQ1- Methyl alcohol C,H,OH burns with excess air at an( air /fuel) ratio =10 (actual) ,determine the equivalence ratio and the mole fraction of N, in the product mixture.arrow_forwardTwo aqueous sulfuric acid solutions are available at a processing facility: 20.0 wt% H2SO4 (sg = 1.139) 60.0 wt% H2SO4 (sg = 1.498) It is desired to mix the two solutions such that the final product has a concentration of 4.00 M (sg-1.213). There is 100 kg of the 20% solution available. If all of this is to be used, calculate: The mass of 60% solution needed The mass and composition of the final productarrow_forward
- Use yourresearch skill to find out the size onethree cylindrical tank, on Petrojam tankfarm. Find out the petroleum products used, and describe the present way of measuring volume and mass, from their main office (distance). Describe an automated wayto measurethe petroleum product at the main office and used Telemetry (SCADA)to verify measurement from your home of onethe petroleum product mass and volume. The Project may include things such as DP-cell, Ultrasonicsensor, fieldbus Module, and Calibration.arrow_forwardThe maximum dose over 24 hours for OTC (over the counter use) of acetaminophen (medication in Tyleonol) is 4,000 mg. Many OTC and prescription medications contain acetaminophen along with other ingredients. Acetaminophen can be found in many cold medicines and in prescription painkillers such as Norco, which also contains the addictive opiod hydrocodone. Keeping track of sources and amount of acetaminophen is very important for your health. Abuse of Norco due to the opiod can also lead to toxic/lethal doses of acetaminophen. There are now strict regulations on the number of tablets of Norco that can be prescribed (7 day maximum per prescription, not refillable without another prescription). A tablet of Norco contains 325 mg of acetaminophen. Thirty tablets are in a week-long prescription post major-surgery to aid in recovery. How many grams of acetaminophen are in the 30 tablets?arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction (with a small amount of sulfuric acid added as a catalyst): Acetic acid + Isopentyl alcohol 5 Isopentyl acetate + Water The above chemical equation is balanced with coefficients of 1 in front of each compound. You are given the following information: Compound Molar mass Quantity used Density (g / mL) State of (g / mole) matter at room temp Liquid Acetic acid 2.0 mL 60.05 1.049 Isopentyl alcohol 2.0 mL 88.14 0.809 Liquid Isopentyl acetate 130.2 0.876 Liquid By the way, the sulfuric acid catalyst quantity is irrelevant to this problem. Given these quantities, calculate the THEORETICAL YIELD (i.e., the maximum number of GRAMS of isopentyl acetate that could be produced) for this reaction. Keep significant figure rules in mind! N.B. 1: Which of the reactants runs out FIRST? That would be the LIMITING REACTANT, and will be the one that will be used to determine the theoretical yield. N.B. 2: The answer is 2.4 grams of isopentyl acetate. Do your calculations…arrow_forward
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