Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
A plot of solubility as a function of temperature that can be used for interpolation should be plotted.
Concept introduction:
A hydrophilic pressure is one which shows higher attraction towards water molecules and other polar molecules than the oils and the other hydrophobic solvents. Serine is a non-acidic amino acid which shows higher hydrophilicity than any other amino acid.
(b)
Interpretation:
To estimate the mass of crystals produced per unit mass of feed solution and the fraction of serine fed that is recovered as crystalline product.
Concept introduction:
A hydrophilic pressure is one which shows higher attraction towards water molecules and other polar molecules than the oils and the other hydrophobic solvents. Serine is a non-acidic amino acid which shows higher hydrophilicity than any other amino acid.
(c)
Interpretation:
Estimate the mass of crystals produced per unit mass of feed solution and the fraction of serine fed that is recovered as crystalline product.
Concept introduction:
A hydrophilic pressure is one which shows higher attraction towards water molecules and other polar molecules than the oils and the other hydrophobic solvents. Serine is a non-acidic amino acid which shows higher hydrophilicity than any other amino acid.
(d)
Interpretation:
To explain reason for the serine is more hydrophilic than most other amino acids.
Concept introduction:
Because of the bonding which is uneven in the molecules they have partial charges that makes the molecules polar. A good example for the polar substance is water. In the water molecules the atom oxygen takes the electrons closer to it and that gives the electro negativity for the atom. As the water is hydrophilic it dissolves in other polar substance like water or the solvent that is watery.
(e)
Interpretation:
To sketch a flowchart for a process in which the methanol fed to the crystallizer in Part (c) is recycled.
Concept introduction:
The methanol crystallization is optimized by the RSM which is known as the response surface methodology along with the D optimal design. The developing procedure of the solvent crystallization is based on the parameters.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
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- You carry out an experiment on the physical properties of 3 organic compounds and observe the following data: Substance Solubility in Water medium Compound A low Compound B high Compound C You know that the 3 organic compounds are an alkene, ketone and alcohol of equal hydrocarbon length. Match the compounds above to their specific organic compound type based upon their solubility. And give a structural reason for the solubility observations that are observed. (I:3) Substance Identity Reason Compound A Compound B Compound Carrow_forwardCalculate the volume of methane gas, at 15°C and 1.0 atm pressure, that isreleased annually by the anaerobic decomposition of 1 kg of garbage, assuming the latter to be 20% biodegradable cellulose, and that decomposition occurs evenly over a 20-year period. [Hint: Add together the equations for the two anaerobic stages of decomposition. R = 0.082 L.atm K^-1 mol^-1.]arrow_forwardThe rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide results in higher concentrations of dissolved carbon dioxide in natural waters. Use Henry's law and Henry's constants found online to calculate the solubility of CO2 in water at 25°C when its partial pressure is 100 kPa. Ans: 33.9 mmol/dm3arrow_forward
- Calculate the solubility at 25 °C of PbCO3 in pure water and in a 0.0150M Pb(NO3), solution. You'll find Ksp data in the ALEKS Data tab. Round both of your answers to 2 significant digits. solubility in pure water: solubility in 0.0150 M Pb(NO3)2 solution: ho 0². 0-- 00 X OxO 3 olo ? oloarrow_forward(a) The heat evolved upon dissolution of atmospheric ozone into water is determined to be +5 kcal/mol at 298 K. Given that ozone has a Henry’s constant of 9.4 × 10−3 mol/L/atm at 298 K, determine its Henry’s constant at 273 K. Note that the definition of Henry’s constant is for the process air to water. (b) If the atmospheric ozone concentration in a polluted air is 100 ppbv, what is the concentration in equilibrium with a body of water in that region at 298 K? Note that you need to assume no losses of ozone other than absorption into waterarrow_forwardAt 100°C and 2 bar pressure, the degree of dissociation of phosgene is 6.30 x 10$. Calculate the equilibrium constants Kp, Kc and Kx for the dissociation COCI2 (g) = CO (g) + Cl2 (g) [8.05 x 10-9 bar; 2.59 x 10-10 mol dm³; 3.97 x 10°] At 2257 K and 1 atm total pressure, water is 1.77 % dissociated at equilibrium by the reaction 2 H2O = 2H2(g) +O2(g) Calculate (a) K; (b) AG°at this temperature. [2.85 x 106; + 239.6 kJ mol·']arrow_forward
- Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, Ke , for the reaction Q(g) + X(g) = 2 M(g) + N(g) given that M(g) = Z(g) 6 R(g) = 2 N(g) + 4Z(g) 3 X(g) + 3 Q(g) = 9R(g) Kel = 3.52 K2 = 0.585 Kc3 12.3 K. IIarrow_forwardCalculate the equilibrium constant of the reaction in which glutamine is formed -O2CCH (NH3 +) CH2CH2CONH2 (hereinafter G) from glutamic acid -O2CCH (NH3 +) CH2CH2COOH (G ') in cells, under the action of the synthetase enzyme glutamine. This reaction is used to carry ammonia from the cells to the kidneys, where it is re-released and excreted. Use the value of the standard free reaction enthalpy G '(aq) + NH3 (aq) → G (aq) equal to +15.7 kJ / mol at 37 ° C. The reaction is driven by the feed-back of the ATP (aq) → reaction ADP (aq) + Pi (aq). the standard free enthalpy of which is -31 kJ / mol. What is constant equilibrium joint reaction: G '(aq) + NH3 (aq) + ATP (aq) → G (aq) + ADP (aq) + Pi (aq)?arrow_forwardA political candidate fighting for a smoke-free environment conducts an experiment in a room containing 1400 cubic feet of air that is initially free of carbon monoxide. Beginning at time t=0, cigarette smoke containing 4% carbon monoxide is introduced into the room at the rate of 0.1 cubic foot perminute, and the well-circulated mixture is allowed to leave the room at the same rate. If carbon monoxide levels in the air reach 0.012%, it is harmful to the human body. Find the time at which this unhealthy level is reached.arrow_forward
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