An aqueous waste stream leaving a process contains 10.0 wt% sulfuric acid and l kg nitric acid per kg sulfuric acid. The ?ow rate of sulfuric acid in the waste stream is 1000 kg/h. The acids are neutralized before being sent to a wastewater treatment facility by combining the waste stream with an aqueous slurry of solid calcium carbonate that contains 2 kg of recycled liquid per kg solid calcium carbonate. (The source of the recycled liquid will be given later in the process description.)
The following neutralization reactions occur in the reactor:
The sulfuric and nitric acids and calcium carbonate fed to the reactor are completely consumed. The carbon dioxide leaving the reactor is compressed to 30 atm absolute and 40°C and sent elsewhere in the plant. The remaining reactor ef?uents are sent to a crystallizer operating at 30°C, at which temperature the solubility of calcium sulfate is 2.0g CaSO4/1000 g H2O. Calcium sulfate crystals form in the crystallizer and all other species remain in solution.
The slurry leaving the crystallizer is ?ltered to produce (i) a ?lter cake containing 96% calcium sulfate crystals and the remainder entrained saturated calcium sulfate solution, and (ii) a ?ltrate solution saturated with CaSO4, at 30°C that also contains dissolved calcium nitrate. The ?ltrate is split, with a portion being recycled to mix with the solid calcium carbonate to form the slurry fed to the reactor, and the remainder being sent to the wastewater treatment facility.
- Draw and completely label a ?owchart for this process.
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