Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The flowchart for the given process is to be drawn and labelled. Also, degree of freedom analysis on the process is to be done.
Concept introduction:
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
Degree of freedom analysis is the procedure to analyze any missing information needed for material balance calculations. The procedure involves complete labelling of the flowchart representing the process and then determining number of unknown variables
Mathematically, degree of freedom
…… (1)
(b)
Interpretation:
The equations for the unknown variables are to be written in order and the accounted variable in each equation is to be encircled.
Concept introduction:
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
For binary mixture in vapor-liquid equilibrium, Raoult’s law states that,
…… (2)
Here,
Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:
…… (3)
Here,
An ideal gas is the gas which obeys ideal gas laws which is a simplified equation of states.
A real gas behaves as an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower pressure. At STP, a mole of an ideal gas has a volume of
(c)
Interpretation:
The final temperature, composition of the liquid products, and the molar flow rates of the liquid and vapor product streams are to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
In a system, a conserved quantity (total mass, mass of a particular species, energy or momentum) is balanced and can be written as:
Here, ‘input’ is the stream which enters the system. ‘generation’ is the term used for the quantity that is produced within the system. ‘output’ is the stream which leaves the system. ‘consumption’ is the term used for the quantity that is consumed within the system. ‘accumulation’ is used for the quantity which is builds up within the system.
All the equations which are formed are then solved simultaneously to calculate the values of the unknown variables.
For binary mixture in vapor-liquid equilibrium, Raoult’s law states that,
…… (2)
Here,
Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:
…… (3)
Here,
An ideal gas is the gas which obeys ideal gas laws which is a simplified equation of states.
A real gas behaves as an ideal gas at higher temperature and lower pressure. At STP, a mole of an ideal gas has a volume of
(d)
Interpretation:
The assumptions made during the calculations which may induce some errors in the calculations are to be listed.
Concept introduction:
A gas behaves as an ideal gas at high temperature and low pressure. Any deviation from this leads to the real gases.
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Chapter 6 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- A mixture of isobutylene ((CH3)2CCH2, 0.400 bar partial pressure) and HCI (0.600 bar partial pressure) is heated at 500.0 K. The equilibrium constant K for the gas- phase thermal decomposition of tert- butyl chloride ((CH3);CCI) is 3.45 at 500.0 K. (CH3);CCI(g) = (CH3)2CCH2(g) + HCI(g) 1 3 Calculate the value of Kc 4 6. C 7 8 9 +/- х 100arrow_forwardA 641.003 g block of Cu at 661.659 °C is plunged into 1.204 kg of water (T = 58.134 °C) in an insulated container. What will be the final equilibrium T of the water and the Cu? (Ccu = 0.385 Jig-C CH20 = 4.184 J/g-C) %3D No units required. Express your answer in 3 decimal places.arrow_forwardHydrogen sulphide, a colourless gas with foul odour, dissociates on heating as shown below. 2��� ⇄ 2�(�+�(� When H2S at an initial pressure of 1.168 bar was put into 10.00 L vessel and heated to 1405.15 K, it gave an equilibrium mixture containing H2 of 0.3330 bar partial pressure. (a) Make an ICE Table of the reaction, using pressure units, based on the data above (b) Calculate the value of Kp at that temperature. (c) Determine the value of Kc at that temperaturearrow_forward
- 2N20(g) + N2H4(9) = 2H20(g) + 3N2(g) If Ke for the above reaction is 36.94 at 197.9 K, what is Kp for the same reaction? (the answer should be entered with 3 significant figures; do not enter units; give answer in scientific notation--valid notation examples include 1.23e-8 and 1.23e8 and -1.23e-4 and 1.23e0) A Moving to another question will save this response. RQuestion 8 of 31 MacBook Ai %23 %24 % & 7 dolete Y tab F G H K caps lock B shift olt command option control option command isarrow_forwardA mix gas contain (molar fraction) 6% SO2, 12% O2 and other inert gas at 100 kPa. Calculate K, at 298 K of the reaction SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → SO3 (g). P SO3 SO2 O2 4,Hmª(B)/(k] •mol-1) -395.76 -296.90 Sm°(B)/(J · mol-1. K-1) 256.6 248.11 205.04arrow_forwardA mixture of isobutylene ((CH:):CCH2, 0.400 bar partial pressure) and HCI (0.600 bar partial pressure) is heated at 500.0 K. The equilibrium constant K for the gas-phase thermal decomposition of tert-butyl chloride ((CH:).CC) is 3.45 at 500.0 K. (CH:).CCI(g) = (CH:):CCH:(g) + HCI(g) .... Ie t he Calculate the value of Kcarrow_forward
- A mixture of isobutylene ((CH3)2CCH2, 0.400 bar partial pressure) and HCI (0.600 bar partial pressure) is heated at 500.0 K. The equilibrium constant K for the gas-phase thermal decomposition of tert-butyl chloride ((CH3)3CCI) is 3.45 at 500.0 K. (CH3);CCI(g) = (CH3),CCH2(g) + HCI(g) Based on your ICE table, set up the expression for K for the decomposition of (CH3);CCI. (CH3);CCI(g) = (CH3)2CCH2(g) + HCI(g) 1 Do not combine or simplify terms. K = 3.45 5 RESET (P(CH);CCH;) (P(CH,);CCH,)? (PHCI) (Рнс) (P(CH,),cCi) (P(CH,),CCI)? 2(Рнс) 2(P(CH3),CCH;) 2(P(CH,),CCI) 2(P(CH,),CCI)? 2(Рнс)? 2(P(CH3),C=CH,)?arrow_forward1.2 2(1) In the contact process: []H = -197 kJ mol-¹ 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g)=2SO3(g) Predict the position of equilibrium when: (a) temperature is decreased and (b) pressure is decreased (c) temperature is increased and (d) pressure is decreased (ii) Explain the reasoning for using compromise temperature and pressure in industrial processes such as the Contact Processarrow_forwardHydrogen gas can be produced from the reaction of graphite and steam according to the following reaction: C(s, graphite) + H20(g) = CO(g) + H2(g) K= 2.77x10-4 at 650 K 6.27 bar of gaseous H20 and excess graphite are added to a sealed container and then heated to 650 K. What is the partial pressure of gaseous H2, in units of bar, when the system reaches dynamic equilibrium? Your Answer: Answer Answer unitsarrow_forward
- 5:49 1 4 7 +/- Question 8 of 15 2 5 8 What is Sº for A in the reaction 3 A → 2 B if AS° (rxn) =-173.8 J/mol · K? [S° (B) = (240.0 J/mol .K)] J/mol K ● 3 60 9 O ..ll 5GW Tap here or pull up for additional resources Submit XU x 100arrow_forward1.2 2(i) In the contact process: OH = -197 kJ mol-¹ 2SO₂(g) + O₂(g)=2SO₂(g) Predict the position of equilibrium when: (a) temperature is decreased and (b) pressure is decreased (c) temperature is increased and (d) pressure is decreased (ii) Explain the reasoning for using compromise temperature and pressure in industrial processes such as the Contact Processarrow_forwardA mixture of isobutylene ((CH:):CCH2, 0.400 bar partial pressure) and HCI (0.600 bar partial pressure) is heated at 500.0 K. The equilibrium constant K for the gas-phase thermal decomposition of tert-butyl chloride (CH:):CCI) is 3.45 at 500.0 K. (CH:):CCI(g) = (CH:):CCH2(g) + HCI(g) What is the partial pressure of tert-butyl chloride ((CH:):CCI) at equilibrium? What is the partial pressure of isobutylene (CHs)2CCH:) at equilibrium? What is the partial pressure of hydrochloric acid (HCI) at equilibrium?arrow_forward
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