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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Electron transport chain occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Electron transfer chain is defined as a series of biochemical reactions in which the electrons and hydrogen ions obtained from NADH and FADH2 react with molecular oxygen to produce water. NADH and FADH2 are oxidized through
(b)
Interpretation:
Lipogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. This process is the reverse of the degradation of fatty acid.
(c)
Interpretation:
Glycerol
Concept introduction:
Triacylglycerol mobilization is an ongoing process in which triacylglycerols that are stored in the adipose tissue are hydrolyzed. Fatty acids and glycerol are the products of triacylglycerol mobilization. The products are released into the bloodstream.
After entering the bloodstream, the glycerol travels to the kidneys or liver. The first stage of glycerol metabolism occurs in the liver or kidney where it is converted to
(d)
Interpretation:
Gluconeogenesis occurs within mitochondria of a cell or in a cell’s cytosol has to be indicated.
Concept introduction:
Gluconeogenesis is an eleven-step pathway in which glucose is produced from non-carbohydrate substances. The net overall equation for gluconeogenesis is as follows:
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Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following enzymes is NOT required to glycogen synthesis? a. branching Enzymes b. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase c. glycogen synthase d. glycogen phosphorylasearrow_forwardWhich of the following is the ninth step of glycolysis? Select one: a. Fructose-1,6 Bisphosphate is converted to Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate b. 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate c. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate d. Dihydroxyacetone (Glycerone Phosphate) is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate e. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate f. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted 2-phosphoglycerate g. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate h. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate i. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvate j. Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardWhich of the following enzymes is NOT operating during glycogenolysis? a. glycogen phosphatase b. glycogen phosphorylase c. glycogen debranching enzyme d. phosphoglucomutasearrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is/are FALSE about glycolysis? A. It is an anaerobic process. B. Some steps occur in cytosol, others in mitochondria. C. It is the conversion of glucose to lactate or ethanol. D. It is the 1st stage of glucose metabolism.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the third step of glycolysis? Select one: a. Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate b. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate c. Dihydroxyacetone (Glycerone Phosphate) is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate e. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted 2-phosphoglycerate f. Fructose-1,6 Bisphosphate is converted to Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate h. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvate i. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate j. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-1,6,bisphosphatearrow_forwardDiscuss briefly but concisely the importance of the following metabolic pathway. A. Glycolysis B. Krebs Cycle C. Electron Transport Chain D. Gluconeogenesisarrow_forward
- The rate limiting and committed step of the pentose phosphate pathway is catalyzed by which of the following enzymes? A. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase B. Hexokinase C. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase D. Transketolasearrow_forwardFor each of the following conditions, state whether this condition would be occurring during gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, or both in liver cells. a. Transporting malate from the cytosol into the mitochondria. _____________ b. Transporting pyruvate from the cytosol into the mitochondria. _____________ c. We would have an increased (or increasing) concentration of F26BP. __________ d. Increased concentration of F6P.__________ e. Hexokinase IV (or glucokinase) is found in the nucleus of the cell. __________ f. The enzyme that synthesizes/breaks down F26BP is phosphorylated. __________ g. Elevated levels of glucagon in the blood. ____________arrow_forwardChemical energy contained in the fatty acids that are produced in the digestion of triglycerides is converted to chemical potential energy in NADH or FADH2 in which of the following processes? a. oxidative phosphorylation b. gluconeogenesis c. Glycolysis d. B-oxidation e. all of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following is the fourth step of glycolysis? Select one: a. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate b. 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate c. Fructose-1,6 Bisphosphate is converted to Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphate e. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvate f. Dihydroxyacetone (Glycerone Phosphate) is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate g. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted 2-phosphoglycerate h. Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate i. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate j. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-1,6,bisphosphatearrow_forwardHexokinase is used to do which of the following steps of glycolysis? Select one: a. Glucose is converted to Glucose-6-phosphate b. Phosphoenolpyruvate is converted to pyruvate c. Dihydroxyacetone (Glycerone Phosphate) is converted to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d. Fructose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-1,6,bisphosphate e. 3-phosphoglycerate is converted 2-phosphoglycerate f. 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate g. 2-phosphoglycerate is converted to Phosphoenolpyruvate h. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is converted to 1,3 Bisphosphoglycerate i. Fructose-1,6 Bisphosphate is converted to Dihydroxyacetone and Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate j. Glucose-6-phosphate is converted to Fructose-6-phosphatearrow_forwardWhich of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. a. the citric acid cycle b.glycolysis c.electron transport chain d. oxidative phosphorylationarrow_forward
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