![EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/8220100853180/8220100853180_largeCoverImage.jpg)
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the B-vitamin niacin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of
Concept introduction:
Niacin includes NAD+, NADH and NADPH coenzymes. Niacin and nicotinamide are precursors of the coenzyme NAD and NADP. Both NAD and NADP are involved in many dehydrogenation reactions. While NAD participates in the catabolic activities, NADP participates in the anabolic activities.
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the B-vitamin thiamin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Thiamin is also called vitamin B1. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Pantothenic acid is also called vitamin B5. Its coenzyme derivative is CoA. It plays a vital role in carbohydrate, protein and fat
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether folate is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Folate is also known as vitamin B9. Folate is required for the synthesis of RNA, DNA, and carbohydrate metabolism.
![Check Mark](/static/check-mark.png)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution![Blurred answer](/static/blurred-answer.jpg)
Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Identify the CORRECT statements regarding Ketones. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. Ketones are synthesized from excess pyruvate B. Ketones may be oxidized to yield cellular energy C. Ketogensis involves removal of coA (s-coa) groups D. Insulin promotes ketogenesisarrow_forwardConsider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?arrow_forwardIn the context of fatty acid oxidation to acetyl CoA, indicate whether each of the following substances is involved in (1) fatty acid activation, (2) fatty acid trans-port, or (3) b-oxidation pathway. More than one choice may be correct in a given situation. a. AMp b. FAD c. Acyl CoA d. H2Oarrow_forward
- The ketogenic diet is now a trend for people who wants to lose weight. Your task is to come up with a report about this diet and assess its efficacy and implication to the health. Here are your guiding questions: 1) What are ketone bodies and ketogenesis? 2) What is a ketogenic diet? What makes it different from other kinds of diet? 3) What are the good and bad effects of this diet? 4)In your personal opinion, is it safe to continue this diet for a long period of time?arrow_forwardAlpha-glucosidase inhibitors are contraindicated in all of the following cases, except:A. Diabetic ketoacidosisA. Liver cirrhosisB. HypertensionC. Large abdominal herniasD. Ulcerative colitisarrow_forwardDefine a ketogenic diet and give an example of a ketogenic meal. Explain why ketone supplements would not be a useful alternative to the ketogenic diet as a cancer therapy. Why might dietary treatments be preferred over conventional treatment options?arrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the following items related to lipid metabolism. Cite their main similarities/or differences. 1.lysophosphatidylcholine vs. phosphatidylethanolamine 2.trimyristin vs. triolein. 3. ACP vs. carnitine-acyl transferase.arrow_forwardβ-oxidation is inhibited by A. high acetyl-CoA levels B. low malonyl-CoA levels C. protein kinase A activity D. phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylasearrow_forwardA patient presenting in musty odour and hypopigmentation has also presented with high levels of phenyl pyruvate in their blood. Which enzyme is upregulated? A. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase C. Transaminase D. Arginasearrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the following items related to lipid metabolism. Cite their main similarities/or differences. 1. Dehydrogenase enzyme vs. dehydratase enzyme(in context of lipid metabolism). 2. Steroid hormones vs. prostaglandins (in terms of their biosynthetic pathways). 3. Fatty acid synthase complex vs. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.arrow_forwardIndicate what will happen ( increase, decrease or no effect) a. release of glucagon in the blood to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase 1 b. high malonyl CoA to the activity of carnitine acyl transferase I C. Epinephrine to the activity og glycogen synthase d. high citrate to the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase e. high acetyl CoA to ketogenesisarrow_forwardAcetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by A. biotin B. citrate C. acetyl-CoA D. palmitatearrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780134580999/9780134580999_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781947172517/9781947172517_coverImage_Textbooks.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781259398629/9781259398629_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9780815344322/9780815344322_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260159363/9781260159363_smallCoverImage.gif)
![Text book image](https://www.bartleby.com/isbn_cover_images/9781260231700/9781260231700_smallCoverImage.gif)