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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The configuration of the β-hydroxyacyl CoA formed by hydration during a turn of the β-oxidation pathway has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Theβ-oxidation pathway is defined as a repetitive series of four biochemical reactions in which acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA by the removal of two carbon atoms at a time. NADH and FADH2 are also produced in this pathway.
The configuration is defined as the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups in a molecule. The stereoisomers have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the three-dimensional space. The D and L notation describes the configurational stereochemistry of molecules.
In the D isomer, the hydroxy (-OH) group present on the farthest chiral centre from the carbonyl is present on the right side while in the L isomer, the hydroxy group present on the farthest chiral centre from the carbonyl is present on the left side.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- How many more acetyl CoA are generated from stearic acid than from linoleic acid during beta oxidation?arrow_forwardWhat is the normal fate of citrate formed by the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate?arrow_forwardThe products of pyrimidine base catabolism, β-alanine and β-aminoisobutyrate, can be further degraded to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA, respectively. Can you suggest the types of reaction required to accomplish these transformations?arrow_forward
- Thiolase is homologous in structure to the condensing enzyme. On the basis of this observation, propose a mechanism for the cleavage of 3-ketoacyl CoA by CoA.arrow_forwardIf the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA were marked with 14C, where would that carbon be located within oxaloacetate after one turn of the TCA cycle?arrow_forwardMost fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A fatty acid with an odd number of carbonsis metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. The following two reactions convert propionyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, a citric acidcycle intermediate, so it can be further metabolized. Each of the reactions requires a coenzyme. Identify the coenzyme for each step. From what vitaminsare the coenzymes derived? (Hint: see Chapter 23.) COO− COO−CH2CH2methylmalonyl-CoA succinyl-CoA CH3CH2 SCoAarrow_forward
- How is acetyl coA carboxylase being regulated?arrow_forwardWhat are the direct products of b oxidation of a fully saturated, straight-chain acyl-CoA of 13 carbons? How many ATP molecules can be obtained from complete oxidation of this compound?arrow_forwardwhat product comes from beta oxidation of oddnumbered fatty acids and is converted to succinyl coa?arrow_forward
- How many acetyl CoA molecules are produced in one cycle of beta oxidation? How many cycles would it take to catabolize a stearic acid molecule (a fatty acid, [18:0]) into acetyl Co A units? a)How many acetyl CoA molecules would be produced? b) How many reduced nucleotides would be produced? c) If a molecule of glucose produces a net 32 ATP when completely catabolized, which do you think will produce more energy, one molecule of glucose or one molecule of stearic acid? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardIf a fatty acid containing 13 carbons is subjected to Beta oxidation, how many molecules of Acetyl CoA can be produced?arrow_forwardWhat structurtal property of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents oxidation of these compounds by the β-oxidation pathway? what additional types of reactions are needed?arrow_forward
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