Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated. Concept introduction: Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid . They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals. The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH 2 , and NADH are produced in this reaction. Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.110EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetyl ACP produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

A cyclic process occurs in the enzyme fatty acid synthase. One turn of this cyclic process constitutes four reactions. The various intermediates formed in the process are associated with a carrier protein known as ACP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not mevalonate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetoacetate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

Complete the following paragraph describing the fate of the second 14CO-acetyl-CoA molecule incorporated into the glyoxylate cycle. The glyoxylate produced in the isocitrate reaction combines with a (A.) 2nd molecule of oxoaloacetate, B.) 2nd molecule of succinate, C.)2nd molecule of acetyl coa) in the malate synthase reaction. Malate is (A.Chiral, B.diasteromeoic C.)Achiral) ; therefore, the oxaloacetate produced from glyoxylate will be labeled at (A.Either of carboxylate carbon B. specifically at methylene carbon C. Specifically at carbonyl carbon D. Specifically at carboxylate carbon bonded to methylene).

Identify a pathway for utilization of the four carbons of acetoacetate in cholesterol biosynthesis. Carry your pathway as far as the rate-determining reaction in cholesterol biosynthesis. Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets. succinyl-CoA succinate acetyl-CoA CoA-SH acetoacetyl-CoA HMG-CoA 2NADP 2NADPH+ 2H acetoacetate K UHL return to a mevalonate + CoA-SH

The sources of the three (3) carbons in malonyl-Coa is/are: a. 1 C from C02 and 2 C from acetyl-CoA b. 1 C from HCO3- and 2 C from acetyl-CoA c. 1 C from biotin and 2 C from acetyl-CoA d. All three C from acetyl-CoA

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.110EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetyl ACP produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

A cyclic process occurs in the enzyme fatty acid synthase. One turn of this cyclic process constitutes four reactions. The various intermediates formed in the process are associated with a carrier protein known as ACP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not mevalonate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetoacetate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.110EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetyl ACP produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

A cyclic process occurs in the enzyme fatty acid synthase. One turn of this cyclic process constitutes four reactions. The various intermediates formed in the process are associated with a carrier protein known as ACP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not mevalonate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetoacetate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 25, Problem 25.110EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetyl ACP produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

A cyclic process occurs in the enzyme fatty acid synthase. One turn of this cyclic process constitutes four reactions. The various intermediates formed in the process are associated with a carrier protein known as ACP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not mevalonate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetoacetate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 25, Problem 25.110EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetyl ACP produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

A cyclic process occurs in the enzyme fatty acid synthase. One turn of this cyclic process constitutes four reactions. The various intermediates formed in the process are associated with a carrier protein known as ACP.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not mevalonate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetoacetate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Answer 6

Chapter 25, Problem 25.110EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Answer 7

Chapter 25, Problem 25.110EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not HMG-CoA produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetyl ACP produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

A cyclic process occurs in the enzyme fatty acid synthase. One turn of this cyclic process constitutes four reactions. The various intermediates formed in the process are associated with a carrier protein known as ACP.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetyl ACP produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Lipogenesis is the process employed for the synthesis of fatty acid. The starting precursor for the synthesis is acetyl CoA. The enzyme employed for the process is fatty acid synthase. It is a multienzyme complex that ties the reaction responsible for the synthesis of fatty acid. The fatty acid is synthesized in two parts. In the first part, there is citrate-malate shuttle system and in the second part, there is acyclic process to synthesize saturated fatty acid.

A cyclic process occurs in the enzyme fatty acid synthase. One turn of this cyclic process constitutes four reactions. The various intermediates formed in the process are associated with a carrier protein known as ACP.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not mevalonate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not mevalonate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetoacetate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether or not acetoacetate produced from acetyl CoA (1) can be produced in a one-step process, (2) can be produced in a multistep process, or (3) cannot be produced from acetyl CoA has to be indicated.

Concept introduction:

Fatty acids are molecules that are long hydrocarbon chain of carboxylic acid. They are building blocks of fat in humans and animals.

The fatty acids are broken down to provide energy. The breakdown of fatty acids is a three parts process. In the first part, the fatty acid is activated. In the second part, the transportation of fatty acid into the mitochondrial matrix is facilitated by a shuttle mechanism. In the third part, the fatty acid is readily oxidized, cycling through a series of four reactions. In these series of reactions, acyl CoA is degraded to acetyl CoA. This pathway is termed a β-oxidation pathway. Acetyl CoA, FADH₂, and NADH are produced in this reaction.

Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino acids. This metabolic process supplies organs with needed energy under certain circumstances such as starvation. Fatty acid molecules degrade into acetyl CoA which are utilized as reactants in the process of ketogenesis. Acetyl CoA undergoes the process of condensation twice, followed by chain

cleavage and hydrogenation to produce ketone bodies.

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 17

Ch. 25.1 - Which of the following statements about digestion...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.1 - The major function of bile released during...Ch. 25.1 - The two major products of triacylglycerol...Ch. 25.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 25.2 - Hormone-sensitive lipase needed for...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 25.2 - Which of the following is not a product of...Ch. 25.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 25.3 - What is the intermediate compound in the two-step...

Solution Summary: The author explains how HMG-CoA can be produced from acetyl CoA. Ketogenesis is a metabolic process by which ketone bodies are produced by the breakdown of fatty acids and ketogenic amino

Concept explainers

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 25 Solutions