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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The reaction
Concept introduction:
(b)
Interpretation:
The reaction
Concept introduction:
Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reaction
Concept introduction:
Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
(d)
Interpretation:
The reaction
Concept introduction:
Ketone bodies are water-soluble molecules which are synthesized from acetyl CoA through the process of ketogenesis. Ketogenesis occurs in the mitochondria of the liver cells. The initial reactants are the molecules of acetyl CoA which are produced by the β-oxidation of fatty acid molecules. Ketone bodies are generally produced when the amount of acetyl CoA in the body is much larger than the amount of oxaloacetate. This happens due to the carbohydrate-lipid imbalance in the body caused by much smaller intake of food rich in carbohydrates, or inefficient processing of glucose by the body.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
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- For each pair of biomolecules, identify the type of reaction (oxidation‑reduction, hydrolysis, isomerization, group transfer, or internal rearrangement) required to convert the first molecule to the second. In each case, indicate the general type of enzyme and cofactor(s) or reactants required, and any other products that would result A(n) (hydrolysis, oxidation reduction, group transfer, isomerization, internal rearrangment) reaction converts L‑leucine to D‑leucine. This reaction is catalyzed by a(n) (dehydrogenase, isomerase, kinase, protease).arrow_forwardFor the following reactions, name both the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction and the required coenzyme:arrow_forwardWhat are cofactors and coenzymes in an enzymatic reaction? Is tetrahydro- folate considered a coenzyme or a cofactor? Explain.arrow_forward
- a) 2-Hydroxy-carboxylic acids in the citric acid cycle and in glycolysis (3 answers): b) how do the ring systems in tryptophan (indole ring) and in histidine (imidazole ring) fulfill the Hückel rule? c) How does the aromatic state affect the basicity of the ring nitrogens?arrow_forwardQuestion 9 Which of the following is TRUE of the branching reaction of glycogen? a) Each linear chain of glucosyl units can have a maximum of four branches attached to it. b) The branch point cannot be within six residues of a preexisting branch point. c) A chain of glucosyl units must be at least seven units long to be a substrate for the branching enzyme. d) The block of glucosyl residues transferred to form a branch is usually three residues in length. e) A chain of glucosyl units must be at least 11 units long to be a substrate for the branching enzyme.arrow_forwardQuestion 1. a) Explain how 5 specific fatty acids ultimately generate specific classes of prostaglandins and leukotrienes that are involved in blood pressure, platelet aggregation and inflammation.b) Indicate and explain the specific effects of each of these classes of prostaglandins and leukotrienes on blood pressure, platelet aggregation and inflammation.c) Identify which foods, functional foods and nutraceuticals provide one or more of these 5 fatty acids.arrow_forward
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