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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Whether the vitamin biotin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether the vitamin B6 is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B6 helps in the treatment of low levels of pyridoxine. Our body cannot produce it naturally hence it must be obtained from supplements.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether pantothenic acid is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Vitamin B12.is water soluble. It contains cobalt. It plays a major role in the production of red blood cells and DNA synthesis
(d)
Interpretation:
Whether riboflavin is involved in (1) β-oxidation pathway, (2) ketogenesis, (3) lipogenesis, or (4) conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl CoA, has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Vitamins are defined as the micronutrients that are needed in a small amount for the proper functioning of the metabolic activities in the organisms. Cofactors are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Cofactors cannot perform on their own alone. Riboflavin is also known as vitamin B2. It is a water-soluble vitamin, so it dissolves in water. All vitamins are either water soluble or fat soluble. Water-soluble vitamins are carried through the bloodstream, and whatever is not needed passes out of the body in urine. Hence it must be consumed in excess.
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Chapter 25 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Define the following terms: a. thiolytic cleavage b. ketogenesis c. ketone bodies d. α-oxidation e. ACCarrow_forwardIn the context of fatty acid oxidation to acetyl CoA, indicate whether each of the following substances is involved in (1) fatty acid activation, (2) fatty acid trans-port, or (3) b-oxidation pathway. More than one choice may be correct in a given situation. a. AMp b. FAD c. Acyl CoA d. H2Oarrow_forwardAll of the following are true with respect to alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, except:A. It inhibits intestinal alpha-glucosidase B. It decreases enzymatic conversion of oligo- to monosaccharidesC. It lowers postprandial glucoseD. It causes gastrointestinal disturbances.E. It may cause development of hypertension.arrow_forward
- A patient presenting in musty odour and hypopigmentation has also presented with high levels of phenyl pyruvate in their blood. Which enzyme is upregulated? A. Phenylalanine dehydrogenase B. Phenylalanine hydroxylase C. Transaminase D. Arginasearrow_forwardThe ketogenic diet is now a trend for people who wants to lose weight. Your task is to come up with a report about this diet and assess its efficacy and implication to the health. Here are your guiding questions: 1) What are ketone bodies and ketogenesis? 2) What is a ketogenic diet? What makes it different from other kinds of diet? 3) What are the good and bad effects of this diet? 4)In your personal opinion, is it safe to continue this diet for a long period of time?arrow_forwardWhich of the below statements are FALSE? I: Cholesterol synthesis is regulated by covalent modification of HMG-CoA reductase II: Inhibition of ACAT mediated increase in esterification of cholesterol esters III: Transcriptional regulation of the LDL particle regulates cholesterol synthesis IV: Squalene is a cholesterol precursor V: All the carbons in cholesterol comes from acetyl-CoA A. I, III B. II, V C. II, III D. I, IVarrow_forward
- Which one of the following statements concerning gluconeogenesis is correct? a. It is inhibited by elevated levels of acetyl CoA. b. It occurs in muscle. c. It is important in maintaining blood glucose during normal overnight fast. d. It is stimulated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate.arrow_forwardAcetyl-CoA carboxylase is inhibited by A. biotin B. citrate C. acetyl-CoA D. palmitatearrow_forwardWhich of the following produces the highest number of reducing equivalent molecules per mole of a saturated 10 carbon fatty acid chain in aerobic conditions? A. Oxidation of Malate to Oxaloacetate B. the Electron Transport Chain C. Oxidation of a-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-COA D. the B-Oxidation "spiral"arrow_forward
- Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?arrow_forwardβ-oxidation is inhibited by A. high acetyl-CoA levels B. low malonyl-CoA levels C. protein kinase A activity D. phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylasearrow_forwardAn infant with corneal clouding has dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate in his urine. Decreased activity of which of the enzymes listed below would confirm the suspected diagnosis of Hurler syndrome? * A. α-Glucuronidase B. Glycosyltransferase C. α-L-Iduronidase D. Iduronate sulfatase E. None of the given optionsarrow_forward
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