EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781119192107
Author: BULLARD
Publisher: JOHN WILEY+SONS,INC.-CONSIGNMENT
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Chapter 4, Problem 4.25P
Certain vegetables and fruits contain plant pigments called carotenoids that are metabolized in the body to produce Vitamin A. Lack of Vitamin A causes an estimated 250,000 to 500,000 children worldwide to become blind every year. An approach to reducing blindness and other childhood health problems resulting from this deficiency is to use genetic engineering of rice—a food staple in developing countries and economically disadvantaged regions of the world—so that rice becomes a dietary source of Vitamin A. For example, a strain known as Golden Rice has been genetically engineered so that it can produce and store carotenoids such as p-carotene (which helps give carrots and squash their yellow-orange color). One type of Golden Rice contains approximately 30 micrograms of carotenoids (81% p-carotene, 16% a-carotene, and 3% P-cryptoxanthin) per gram of uncooked rice. A study has reported that when a person eats Golden Rice, their body metabolizes 1 microgram of Vitamin A for every 3.8 micrograms of p-carotene they consume.
- It is recommended that children between 1 and 3 years of age should get 300 micrograms of Vitamin A per day. Considering only the metabolism of p-carotene given above, how many grams of Golden Rice would a child have to eat in order to obtain this much Vitamin A? Does this seem like a reasonable amount of rice to eat in one day, if one cup of cooked rice is approximately 175 g?
- a-carotene and p-cryptoxanthin can also be converted into Vitamin A, but when compared to P-carotene, it takes twice as much of each of these compounds to produce one unit of Vitamin A. Considering all of the carotenoids in Golden Rice as potential sources of Vitamin A, how' many grams of Golden Rice would a three-year-old child have to eat in order to obtain the recommended daily amount of Vitamin A? Exploratory Exercises—Research and Discover
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Coal-fired power plants emit CO2, which is one of the gases that is of concern with regard to global warming. A technique that power plants can adopt to keep most of the CO2 from entering the air is called CO2 capture and storage (CCS). If the incremental cost of the sequestration process is $0.019 per kilowatt-hour, what is the present worth of the extra cost over a 3-year period to a manufacturing plant that uses 100,000 kWh of power per month? The interest rate is 12% per year compounded quarterly.
Sucrose is oxidized according to the following formula. C12H22O11 + O2 → CO2 + H2O You are investigating cellular metabolism in vitro. Under your experimental conditions, you plate 12 million cells in a dish using 10 ml of cell culture media. You grow the cells in a special instrument that can measure metabolic gases. After 24 hours, you instrument has detected that 28.8 mg of oxygen have been consumed and the same mass of carbon dioxide released. Your previous tests have shown that these cells consume 75 μg/106 cells-h.
(a) Determine the limiting reagent,
(b) percent excess of the other reagent, percent conversion for both reactants, and
(c)extent of reaction (ξ).
(d) Your initial concentration of sucrose in your cell culture media is 13.0mM. Your instrumentation can only resolve sucrose concentration at 0.1 mM increments. Can you detect the change in sucrose concentration with your instrumentation?
From the discussion question from Module 5, recall the chemical equation for the combustion of gasoline (iso-octane, C8H18) is:
2C8H18 + 25O2 ---> 16CO2 + 18H2O
This means that 2 moles of iso-octane combine with 25 moles of CO2 to produce 16 moles of CO2 and 18 moles of water. This is important for understanding the impact of fossil fuel use on the atmosphere because burning one mole of fuel adds a lot of CO2. Thinking about this in terms of the stoichiometry, and change in concentration, suppose we had 1.0 mole of iso-octane dissolved in 1.0 m3 of atmosphere. That means the concentration of carbon-containing molecules would be 1 mole per cubic meter. However, ff we burned all that iso-octane and convert the C8H18 into CO2 the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increases.
How much does the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increase if 1.0 mole of C8H18 in 1.0 m3 of air is converted into CO2 as shown in the chemical equation above?
Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.1PCh. 4 - Rain is falling on a poorly designed 150-m" flat...Ch. 4 - A liquid-phase chemical reaction A -* B takes...Ch. 4 - A stream consisting of 44.6 mole% benzene and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.5PCh. 4 - A liquid mixture of acetone and water contains 35...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.7PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.8PCh. 4 - Inside a distillation column (see Problem 4.8), a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.10P
Ch. 4 - In the production of soybean oil, dried and flaked...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.12PCh. 4 - A process is carried out in which a mixture...Ch. 4 - Strawberries contain about 15wt% solids and 85wt%...Ch. 4 - Two streams flow into a 500-gallon tank. The first...Ch. 4 - A fuel distributor supplies four liquid fuels,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.17PCh. 4 - One thousand kilograms per hour of a mixture...Ch. 4 - L-Serine is an amino acid that often is provided...Ch. 4 - A 100 kmol/h stream that is 97 mole% carbon...Ch. 4 - A pharmaceutical product, P, is made in a batch...Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture containing ethanol (55.0 wt%) and...Ch. 4 - A stream of humid air containing 1.50 mole% H2O(v)...Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture contains 60.0 wt% ethanol (E),...Ch. 4 - Certain vegetables and fruits contain plant...Ch. 4 - Two aqueous sulfuric acid solutions containing...Ch. 4 - A paint mixture containing 25.0% of a pigment and...Ch. 4 - In the commercial production of sugar (sucrose),...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.29PCh. 4 - A garment to protect the wearer from toxic agents...Ch. 4 - A dilute aqueous solution of H2SO4 (Solution A) is...Ch. 4 - Gas streams containing hydrogen and nitrogen in...Ch. 4 - An artificial kidney is a device that removes...Ch. 4 - The indicator-dilution method is a technique used...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.35PCh. 4 - Gas absorption or gas scrubbing is a commonly used...Ch. 4 - The SO2 scrubbing tower described in Problem 4.36...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.38PCh. 4 - The hormone estrogen is produced in the ovaries of...Ch. 4 - A liquid mixture containing 30.0mole% benzene (B),...Ch. 4 - Seawater containing 3.50 wt% salt passes through a...Ch. 4 - Inside the column a liquid stream flows downward...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.43PCh. 4 - Effluents from metal-finishing plants have the...Ch. 4 - In an absorption tower (or absorber), a gas is...Ch. 4 - In the production of a bean oil, beans containing...Ch. 4 - Boilers are used in most chemical plants to...Ch. 4 - Following is a diagram of the shirt-cleaning...Ch. 4 - A drug (D) is produced in a three-stage extraction...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.52PCh. 4 - Ammonia is oxidized to nitric oxide in the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.54PCh. 4 - A stream containing H2S and inert gases and a...Ch. 4 - 436. The reaction between ethylene and hydrogen...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.57PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.58PCh. 4 - Titanium dioxide (TiCb) is used extensively as a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.60PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.61PCh. 4 - Oxygen consumed by a living organism in aerobic...Ch. 4 - A genetically engineered strain of Escherichia...Ch. 4 - The gas-phase reaction between methanol and acetic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.65PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.66PCh. 4 - Methane and oxygen react in the presence of a...Ch. 4 - Ethane is chlorinated in a continuous reactor:...Ch. 4 - Ethanol can be produced commercially by the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.70PCh. 4 - Solid calcium fluoride (CaF2) reacts with sulfuric...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.72PCh. 4 - Chlorobenzene (C^HsCl), an important solvent and...Ch. 4 - A catalytic reactor is used to produce...Ch. 4 - 4.7'6. Methanol is produced by reacting carbon...Ch. 4 - Methane reacts with chlorine to produce methyl...Ch. 4 - Ethylene oxide is produced by the catalytic...Ch. 4 - Methanol is synthesized from carbon monoxide and...Ch. 4 - The fresh feed to an ammonia production process...Ch. 4 - A gas contains 75.0 wt% methane. 10.0% ethane....Ch. 4 - Five liters of liquid n-hexane and 4 liters of...Ch. 4 - Gasoline, which we will represent as having the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.87PCh. 4 - Natural gas containing a mixture of methane,...Ch. 4 - Propane is burned completely with excess oxygen....Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.91PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.92PCh. 4 - Liquid methanol is fed to a space heater at a rate...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.94PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.95PCh. 4 - A fuel oil is analyzed and found to contain 85.0...Ch. 4 - Prob. 4.97PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.98PCh. 4 - Prob. 4.99PCh. 4 - 4.1 (Mt. You have been sent by the Environmental...Ch. 4 - Fuel oils contain primarily organic compounds and...
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