Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The equation which relates the concentration of
Concept introduction:
The equation of a straight line on semi-log plot is,
Given two points
The value of intercept can be calculated using this slope and any one of the given points.
(b)
Interpretation:
The compliance of the process with the given EPA regulation is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
(c)
Interpretation:
The percentage of
Concept introduction:
Stoichiometry is based on the law of conservation of mass and is used to calculate the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
The total mass of the reactants is always equal to the total mass of the products.
The formula to calculate the mass flowrate of a component
Here,
A flowchart is the complete representation of a process through boxes or other shapes which represents process units and arrows that represents the input and output of the process. The flowchart must be fully labelled to infer important data about the process involved.
(d)
Interpretation:
The reason for the discontinuity of the old EPA regulation after the new EPA regulation was imposed is to be determined and explained.
Concept introduction:
Mole fraction of a component in a mixture can be altered by dilution of the mixture. Mole fraction is referred to as the number of moles of that component divided by the total moles of the mixture.
Due to dilution of the mixture, the total moles of the mixture are increased but moles of the component being the same. Thus, mole fraction is decreased.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- Hematite is an iron ore with the following composition: Fe2O3 [MW=159.70]. To make steel, carbon [At. Wt. = 12.01] in the form of coke is used to reduce Fe2O3 to iron metal [At. Wt. = 55.85] as shown below: 3 C + 2 Fe2O3 → 3 CO2 + 4 Fe How many grams of carbon are needed to produce 2,500 grams of iron? Relative to the problem the processing of 798.5 g of hematite ore produced 508.2 g of iron metal. Determine the percent yield of pure iron for this batch?arrow_forwardTo evaluate the use of renewable resources, an experiment was carried out with rice hulls. After pyrolysis, the product gas analyzed 6.4% CO2, 0.1% O2, 39% CO, 51.8% H2, 0.6% CH4, and 2.1% N2. It entered a combustion chamber at 90 °F and a pressure of 35.0 in. Hg and was burned with 40% excess air (dry) at 70 °F and an atmospheric pressure of 29.4 in. Hg; 10% of the CO remains. a. How many cubic feet of air were supplied per cubic foot of entering gas? b. How many cubic feet of product gas were produced per cubic foot of entering gas if the exit gas was at 29.4 in. Hg and 400 °F?arrow_forwardSua is producing margarine from natural oils such as coconut oil by hydrogenation according to the following equation C57H104O6 + 3H2 ---->C57H110O6 at 200°c and 7atm. If an industrial hydrogenator with a volume of 500 litre is charged with 24 kilograms of oil and the reaction goes to completion, how many kilograms of margarine will be produced under these conditions?arrow_forward
- ethylene oxide is prepared by oxidation of ethylene. 100Kmol of ethylene and 100Kmol of O2 are charged to a reactor.The percent conversion of ethylene is 85 and percent yield of C2H4O is 94.12. Calculate the composition of product steam leaving the reactor .The reactions taking place are: C2H4+0.5O2=C2H4O C2H4+3O2= 2CO2+2H2Oarrow_forward- = T C 54°F Humid % Explanation O CHEMICAL REACTIONS Percent yield of chemical reactions 2 W |HC|HL| (@F11218HCHIHUSI https://www-awu.aleks.com/alekscgi/x/Isl.exe/10_u-IgNslkr7j8P3jH-IBMBkpcnaFu0F7Uj... FAX S Check بهر 3 * E $ X Gaseous ethane (CH₂CH3) reacts with gaseous oxygen gas (O₂) to produce gaseous carbon dioxide (CO₂) and gaseous water (H₂O). If 0.469 g of water is produced from the reaction of 0.90 g of ethane and 5.2 g of oxygen gas, calculate the percent yield of water. Round your answer to 2 significant figures. 4 0 d R DE C Ś 96 % 5 T 6 G H "4+ & 7 B N U 144 * 00 C | 141 | a A 8 1 D-II ( 9 r K M || a ✓ DDI O s ) B Ⓒ2022 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | | O F ▬▬▬▬▬▬ fo 1 11² a P MC - MC insert C + 3/5 = prt sc } ♡ 4 Privacy Center Privacy Center | Acces 1 0 Chisom Seve E d 11:10 10/22/20arrow_forwardSolid calcium (CaF2) reacts with sulfuric acid to form solid calcium sulfate and gaseous hydrogen fluoride. The HF is then dissolved in water to form hydrofluoric acid. A source of calcium fluoride is fluorite ore containing 96 wt% CaF2 and 4% SiO2. In a typical hydrofluoric acid manufacturing process, fluorite ore is reacted with 93 wt% aqueous sulfuric acid, supplied 15% in excess of the stoichiometric amount. Ninety-five percent of the ore dissolves in the acid. Some of the HF formed reacts with the dissolved silica in the reaction 6 HF + SIO2 (aq) – H2SİF6 (9) + 2 H2O (1) The hydrogen fluoride exiting from the reactor is subsequently dissolved in enough water to produce 60 wt% hydrofluoric acid. Calculate the quantity of fluorite ore needed to produce a metric ton of acid. Express your answer into three significant figures.arrow_forward
- Consider the following reaction CS2(g) + 3O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2SO2(g) A mixture containing only CS2(g) and excess O2(g) at a total pressure of 100 kPa is placed in a sealed vessel. After the reaction is completed and the vessel is cooled to the initial temperature, the total pressure in the vessel drops to 80 kPa. What is the mole fraction of CO2(g) in the final mixture?arrow_forwardIn order to produce solid iron, it first must bc processed from its orc, Fe2O1, in a blast furnace. During operation, CO gas (flue gas) is introduced into the furnace at 1650 °C and a pressure of 250 kPa. In this process flue gas reduces iron to its elemental form in the following reaction: 41. Fe;O30) COg Fe+ COz At one point in this process 256.0 L of CO was used to reduce iron ore. Assuming a complete reaction, how many grams of solid iron can be produced. Balanced chemical equation: Mass of Fe (in grams)arrow_forward1. In a 100mL sealed flask, 0.1 g of H2 gas reacts with 0.15 g of N2 gas to generate NH3 gas at 25 oC . Note: Consider that i) the initial and final temperatures are 25 oC; ii) all of the limiting reagent is converted to NH3; and iii) the gases behave as ideal. a) Balance the chemical equation :N2(g) + H2(g) ---> NH3(g) b) Calculate the initial pressure inside the flask (before N2 and H2 react). Calculate the initial partial pressures of N2 and H2 (before N2 and H2 react) c) Calculate the final pressure inside the flask (after N2 and H2 react to generate NH3). Calculate the final partial pressures for N2, H2 and NH3 (after N2 and H2 react to generate NH3).arrow_forward
- Feed gas containing of 78.5mol % H₂, 21% of N₂ & 0.5% of Ar is mixed with recycle gas and enters a reactor where 15% N₂ is converted to NH3 as per the reaction. Ammonia from the exit of the reactor is completely separated from unconverted gases. To avoid the buildup of inerts, a small fraction (5%) of the unreacted gases purged and the balance recycled. USING ASPEN/HYSYS Draw the process flow sheet Product rate and Purge rate Basis:100mol/hrarrow_forwardIn a chemical production plant, cyclohexane is made by the reaction of benzene and hydrogen. Reaction is as follows: CHs + H2 → CoH12 The complete process of producing cyclohexane uses a reactor and a separator. Using the process shown below and assuming 20 % excess hydrogen in the fresh feed, find the ratio of the recycle stream to the fresh feed stream, the composition of the final product stream, and the composition of the stream leaving the reactor. The overall conversion of benzene is 92% and the single-pass conversion is 21.5 %. The recycle stream is composed of 23.9 % benzene and the remaining hydrogen. Fresh Feed REACTOR SEPARATOR Product Recyclearrow_forwardDetermine the quantity of energy given 10.95 dm³ of oxygen gas at STP reacts in this equation" 3O2(g) + 4AlBr3(s) --> 2Al2O3(s) + 6Br2(l) + 90.23kJ kJ = (10.95dm³ O2 / 1) * (A/B) * (C/D) = E 1. Regarding (A/B) which statements may be used? 1 L 3 mol O2 +90.23 kJ 22.4 dm³ O2 -90.23 kJ 1 dm³ 1 mol O2 2. Regarding (C/D), what are the values of these variables?arrow_forward
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