Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The formula for
Concept introduction:
The Arrhenius equation for the equilibrium rate constant as a function of the absolute temperature is:
Here,
The equation of a straight line on semi-log plot is,
Given two points
The value of intercept can be calculated using this slope and any one of the given points.
(b)
Interpretation:
The expressions for
Concept introduction:
For a single reaction system, the extent of reaction for each of the components present in the products can be estimated by the equation:
Here,
Mole fraction
Here,
(c)
Interpretation:
The molar composition of the product stream and fractional conversion of
Concept introduction:
The formula for the fractional conversion
(d)
Interpretation:
Any physical constraints on
Concept introduction:
The formula for the fractional conversion
(e)
Interpretation:
The calculations done in part (d) are to be repeated for
Concept introduction:
The formula for the fractional conversion
(f)
Interpretation:
The equations for
Concept introduction:
Mole fraction
Here,
The formula for the fractional conversion
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Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL P
- Show that the complete chemical equation, the total ionic equation, and the net ionic equation for the reaction represented by the equation KI(aq)+I2(aq)KI3(aq) give the same expression for the reaction quotient. KI3 is composed of the ions K+ and I3-.arrow_forward. What does it mean to say that a state of chemical or physical equilibrium is dynamic?arrow_forwardDescribe a nonchemical system that is not in equilibrium, and explain why equilibrium has not been achieved.arrow_forward
- Write an equation for an equilibrium system that would lead to the following expressions (ac) for K. (a) K=(Pco)2 (PH2)5(PC2H6)(PH2O)2 (b) K=(PNH3)4 (PO2)5(PNO)4 (PH2O)6 (c) K=[ ClO3 ]2 [ Mn2+ ]2(Pcl2)[ MNO4 ]2 [ H+ ]4 ; liquid water is a productarrow_forwardFor the system SO3(g)SO2(g)+12 O2(g)at 1000 K, K=0.45. Sulfur trioxide, originally at 1.00 atm pressure, partially dissociates to SO2 and O2 at 1000 K. What is its partial pressure at equilibrium?arrow_forward5.49. Consider the following equilibrium: What is the effect on the equilibrium of each of the following changes? (You may need to calculate some standard enthalpy or Gibbs energy changes to answer these.) (a) The pressure is increased by decreasing the volume. (b) The temperature is decreased. (c) The pressure is increased by the addition of nitrogen gas, .arrow_forward
- Methanol can be synthesized by means of the equilibriumreaction CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) for which the equilibrium constant at 225°C is 6.08103. Assume that the ratio of the pressures of CO(g) and H2(g) is 1:2. What values should they have if the partial pressureof methanol is to be 0.500 atm?arrow_forward5.2. What is the difference between a static equilibrium and a dynamic equilibrium? Give examples difference from the examples in the text. What is similar for the two types of equilibria?arrow_forwardSuppose a reaction has the equilibrium constant K = 1.3 108. What does the magnitude of this constant tell you about the relative concentrations of products and reactants that will be present once equilibrium is reached? Is this reaction likely to be a good source of the products?arrow_forward
- Write a balanced chemical equation for a totally gaseous equilibrium system that would lead to the following equilibrium constant expression. Keq=[N2]2[H2O]6[NH3]4[O2]3arrow_forwardNitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia are in equilibrium in a 1000-L reactor at 550 K. The concentration of N2 is 0.00485 M, H2 is 0.022 M, and NH3 is 0.0016 M. The volume of the container is halved, to 500 L. (a) Calculate the equilibrium constant. (b) Define y as the change in the concentration of nitrogen in the 500-L container. Is y positive or negative? (c) Write the iCe table and express the equilibrium constant in a polynomial in terms of y.arrow_forwardWhen a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200. °C in a closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established. Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction. Use bond enthalpies from Table 6.2 ( Sec. 6-6b) to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction. Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium, the entropy effect or the energy effect? In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200. °C? Explain. Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift? Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?arrow_forward
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