Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The stoichiometric reactant ratio and the yield ratio are to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
When the ratio of moles of one reactant to the moles of another reactant equals the stoichiometric ratio, then the two reactants are said to be in stoichiometric proportion. The balanced chemical equation obtains the stoichiometric ratio of reactants.
The ratio of the number of moles of product to the number of moles of limiting reactant is known as the yield ratio.
(b)
Interpretation:
The limiting reactant is the given reaction is to be determined and the percentage excess of an excess reactant is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
A reactant that would be eliminated first if the reaction proceeded to completion is the limiting reactant or it is the reactant which is present in low amount in the reaction. The other reactant is known as the excess reactant.
Percentage excess is the ratio of amount by which the reactant A, in the feed exceeds the amount required to react completely if the reaction goes to completion to the stoichiometric requirement of reactant.
(c)
Interpretation:
The mass feed rate of hydrogen on the basis of given information is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The number of moles of a substance is defined as the ratio of its mass and molecular mass.
The number of grams of a substance from its number of moles is as follows,
Here, m is mass in grams, n is number of moles in mol and M is molar mass in g/mol.
(d)
Interpretation:
The drawback of running one reactant in excess rather than feeding the reactants in stoichiometric proportion is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
When the ratio of moles of one reactant to the moles of another reactant equals the stoichiometric ratio, then the two reactants are said to be in stoichiometric proportion. The balanced chemical equation obtains the stoichiometric ratio of reactants.
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