Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To determine the number of phosphate groups present in NADH coenzyme.
Concept introduction: Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the
A phosphate group is characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms through three single bonds and one double bond. The chemical formula of the phosphate group is
(b)
Interpretation: To determine the number of phosphate groups present in NADPH coenzyme.
Concept introduction: Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADPH and oxidized form is
A phosphate group is characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms through three single bonds and one double bond. The chemical formula of the phosphate group is
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- The reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involves two "sub-reactions", one of which is unfavourable. How is the energy barrier of this unfavourable sub reaction overcome? A. through the formation and hydrolysis of a thioester bond using a cysteine molecule in the enzyme B. through the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule C. through the hydrolysis of a thioester bond in the substrate molecule D. the enzyme catalyzes the formation of a thioester bond E. none of these explanations describe how the energy barrier is overcome Please answer asaparrow_forwardThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following (note - select all that apply)? A. ATP B. Glucose-6-phosphate C. NADPH D. Ribose-5-phosphatearrow_forwardExplain which of the following substances ATP, CoA-SH, FAD and NAD+ have the subunits in their structure? B.Have two phosphate subunits.arrow_forward
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- A student is trying to determine the mechanism for a reaction that uses ATP to activate a carboxylate ion, which then reacts with a thiol. If the carboxyl-ate ion attacks the g-phosphorus of ATP, the reaction products are the thioester, ADP, and phosphate. However, whether it attacks the a-phosphorus or the b-phosphorus of ATP cannot be determined from the reaction products because the thioester, AMP, and pyrophosphate would be the products in both reactions. The mechanisms can be distinguished by a labeling experiment in which the enzyme, the carboxylate ion, ATP, and radioactively labeled pyro-phosphate are incubated, and then the ATP is isolated. If the isolated ATP is radioactive, attack occurred on the a-phosphorus. If it is not radioactive, then attack occurred on the b-phosphorus. Explain these conclusions.arrow_forwardTo which class does each enzymes belong? Explain you answers. a. pyruvate decarboxylase b. alanine aminotransferase c. alcohol dehydrogenase d. hexokinasearrow_forwardIf 32P-labeled ATP is provides for the reactions of glycosis, which of the following would be TRUE about 1.3 biphosphoglycerate? A. 50% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P B. 100% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P on carbon 1 C. 100% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32 P on carbon 3 D. 50% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P on carbon 3 E. 50% of 1,3-bis phosphoglycerate would contain 32P on carbon 1arrow_forward
- During glycolysis there are two hexoses in the pathway. a. What are these two hexoses? b. What are the two phosphorylated products? What is the energy cost to phosphorylate them? C.arrow_forwardWhat do you mean by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)?arrow_forwardExplain which of the following substances ATP, CoA-SH, FAD and NAD+ have the subunits in their structure? A.Have 2 two ribose subunits.arrow_forward
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