Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “phosphorylated versions of
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is a metabolic pathway in which NADPH,
Pentose phosphate pathway is a two-stage metabolic pathway. The first stage of phosphate pentose pathway is an oxidative stage and the second stage is a non-oxidative stage.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the
(b)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the initial reactant for the PPP is a pentose” relating to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true or false.
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is defined as the metabolic pathway in which NADPH,
Pentose phosphate pathway is a two-stage metabolic pathway. The first stage of phosphate pentose pathway is an oxidative stage and the second stage is a non-oxidative stage.
A reactant is defined as the substance that is initially present in the
(c)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “the oxidative stage of the PPP precedes the non-oxidative stage of the PPP” relating to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is true or false.
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is defined as the metabolic pathway in which NADPH,
(d)
Interpretation: To indicate whether the statement “
Concept introduction: The pentose phosphate pathway is defined as the metabolic pathway in which NADPH,
Pentose phosphate pathway is a two-stage metabolic pathway. The first stage of phosphate pentose pathway is an oxidative stage and the second stage is a non-oxidative stage.
A product is defined as the substance that is formed after the completion of a chemical reaction.
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Chapter 24 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is INCORRECT? O a. The TCA cycle can recover much more energy than homolactic fermentation. b. All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the mitochondria. C. The energy released in the TCA cycle is mainly stored in the reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH₂. O d. Under anaerobic conditions the TCA cycle is used to oxidize pyruvate. Oe. The TCA cycle is also called the citric acid cycle after the product of the first reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are TRUE?Multiple answers are accepted for this question a .Two molecules of CO2 are produced each time a molecule of Acetyl-CoA is oxidized. b. During the first turn of the TCA Cycle the carbon atoms of Acetyl-CoA become CO2. c. The number of molecules of ATP that can be produced in the Citric Acid Cycle by substrate level phosphorylation of ADP from two molecules of Acetyl-CoA is 30. d. Fumarate contains a trans double bond. The cis isomer of Fumarate is Maleate which cannot serve as carbon source for a cell. e. Lack of O2 would decrease the rate of the Citric Acid Cycle in red blood cells. f. If a potent inhibitor of Succinyl-CoA Synthetaseis is applied to liver cells both energy production and synthesis of carbohydrate would be affected. g. The overall chemical changes that occur during one complete turn of the Citric Acid Cycle is the complete oxidation of one molecule of Acetyl-CoA plus the production of two molecules of CO2 plus the…arrow_forwardRapidly dividing cells such as bone marrow, skin, intestinal mucosa, and cancer cells need DNA synthesis. In these cells, the following is observed: a. a decreased NADPH / NADP+ ratio b. increased flux through the oxidative reactions c. Flux through the oxidative reactions is low and the nonoxidative reactions are reversed to make ribose 5-phosphate. d. Ribose 5-phosphate is recycled through the oxidative steps via the nonoxidative reactions and gluconeogenesis. e. Ribose 5-phosphate is shunted into glycolysis by the nonoxidative reactions.arrow_forward
- A key enzyme of the Citric Acid Cycle is isocitrate dehydrogenase. It catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to alpha ketoglutarate. Given your understanding of the Citric Acid Cycle, how is the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase likely regulated? A. It is activated when fermentation starts. B. It is activated when the levels of NADH are low relative to NAD+. C. It is activated when levels of ATP are high relative to ADP. D. It is inhibited by high levels of pyruvate.arrow_forwardGiven that malonate inhibits succinate dehydrogenase which of the following statements is TRUE? a. FADH2 results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. b. All electron transport is inhibited. c. Transfer of electrons from NADH to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. d. Transfer of electrons from FADH2 to Coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) is inhibited. e. NADH results in only 4 H+ being pumped out of the mitochondrial matrix. Clear my choicearrow_forwardPhosphofructokinase is an important control enzyme in the regulation of cellular respiration. Which of the following statements correctly describes phosphofructokinase activity? a. It is inhibited by citrate, an intermediate of the citric acid cycle. b. It catalyzes a reaction which increases the rate of the overall pathway. c. It catalyzes an early step of glycolysis which has the lowest level of activation energy among the overall pathway. d. It is activated by ATP. e. It is inhibited by AMP.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the TCA cycle is INCORRECT? a. All reactions of the TCA cycle take place in the cytosol. b. The energy released in the TCA cycle is mainly stored in the reduced electron carriers NADH and FADH2. c. The TCA cycle can recover much more energy than homolactic fermentation. d. Under aerobic conditions the TCA cycle is used to oxidize pyruvate. e. The TCA cycle is also called the citric acid cycle after the product of the first reaction catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase.arrow_forward2a) Which of the following statements about pyruvate oxidation IS TRUE? a. NADH is oxidized in the process b. Four carbon dioxide molecules are released in the process c. The process takes place in the cytoplasm d. There is substrate level phosphorylation during the process e. Two pyruvate molecules are oxidized to two acetyl Co-A molecules. 2b) When there is sufficient oxygen, _____ ATP molecules can be made (theoretically) by cellular respiration. However, when oxygen is lacking, only _____ ATP molecules are made a. 32,2 b. 36,2 c. 30,4 d. 36,6 e. 46,2 2c) In the electron transport chain of cellular respiration: a. oxygen has the weakest pull on electrons b. NADH and FADH2 transfer phosphates in the inner mitochondrial membrane c. the energy that is released moves electrons from the matrix to the intermembrane space d. electrons move from protein to protein due to increasing electronegativity e. water oxidizes the last component of the chain. 2d) Which of the…arrow_forwardRegarding the regulation of the citric acid cycle (TCA), what are the true alternatives: a.the TCA undergoes hormonal and allosteric regulation b. unavailability of substrates can reduce carbon flux in TCA c. excess NADH accelerates the rate of TCA reactions d.the TCA regulation points are found in 3 irreversible reactions of the cycle e.high intracellular ATP/ADP ratios inhibit TCAarrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following aspects of the carnitine shuttle system associated with the process of B oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix or in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. a. Acyl CoA is reactant b. Carnitine enters the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. Carnitine is covered to acyl carnitine. d. Free CoA is reactantarrow_forwardIf the enzyme that catalyzed the reaction that converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide is inhibited: a. the production of ATP would decreases but the production of electron carriers would be unaffected b. the concentration of pyruvate would decrease c. the citric acid cycle will not be affected d. ATP production in the electron transport chain/oxidative phosphorylation will increase e. the concentration of acetyl Co A would decreasearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning ATP synthesis is NOT true? a. The open conformation of the ATP synthase is for releasing ATP. b. The gamma subunit in the stalk responds to the flow of H+ and rotates the assembly counterclockwise and thus change the conformations of the active site to synthesize ATP. c. The tight conformation of the ATP synthase is for converting ADP and phosphate to ATP. d. The loose conformation of the ATP synthase is for binding ADP and phosphate. e. Ten protons are required to catalyze the rotation of the subunits so that one ATP is synthesized. Clear my choicearrow_forward
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