Concept explainers
Interpretation: To identify the form of fructose that enters the glycolysis
Concept introduction: In the glycolysis metabolic pathway, a glucose molecule is converted into two pyruvate molecules. Two ATP molecules and NADH coenzymes are formed along with pyruvate.
An intermediate is defined as the transient species that is formed from the reactants in the preceding step and gets consumed in the subsequent steps to generate the products. An intermediate is formed within a multi-step reaction mechanism.
In the phosphorylation reaction, the molecule is attached to the phosphoryl group. The transfer of a phosphoryl group
In the isomerization reaction, a molecule transformed itself to another molecule, having the same number of atoms with a different arrangement.
In the cleavage reaction, the covalent bond in the large molecule is cleaved and the molecule is dissociated into two or more fragments.
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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?arrow_forwardIs glycolysis catabolic or anabolic? Discuss the importance of glycolysis.arrow_forwardThioesters play important roles in glycolysis and tca cycle. List which reactions involve thioesters.arrow_forward
- Describe the four phases of glycolysis. What are theproducts of glycolysis?arrow_forwardWhy are some enzymes needed only in the gluconeogenesis pathway and not in the glycolysis pathway?arrow_forwardFructose can enter glycolysis by hexokinase. If fructose is used for glycolysis what enzyme can be skipped in glycolysis? And why can this enzyme be skipped if fructose is used for glycolysis?arrow_forward
- Why is glycolysis more rapid after the infusion of fructose?arrow_forwardWhich reactions of glycolysis can be reversed? Which are irreversible? What is the significance of the metabolically irreversible reactions?arrow_forwardGluconeogenesis is like glycolysis but in reverse. Name the 4 enzymes that are responsible for this process. What is its final product?arrow_forward
- How does the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6- bisphosphate bring about the reversal of one of the physiologically irreversible steps of glycolysis?arrow_forwardWhich statement best describes the reason why some of the reactions of glycolysis cannot be run in reverse in gluconeogenesis? 1) The last reactions occur in mitochondria and reactions there can never be reversed. 2) Glycolysis includes isomerization reactions and these can never be reversed. 3) There are some allaşteric enzymes and allosteric enzymes can never be reversed. 4) Some reactions have such large negative free energy changes that they can never be reversed under cellular conditions. Oarrow_forwardWhat is glycolysis? How many steps are in glycolysis and what are they? What are the three key regulatory steps? Which step is irreversible and why? What are the enzymes that participate in glycolysis?arrow_forward
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