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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To determine the number of phosphate groups present in
Concept introduction: Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is associated with the
A phosphate group is characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms through three single bonds and one double bond. The chemical formula of the phosphate group is
(b)
Interpretation: To determine the number of phosphate groups present in
Concept introduction: Coenzymes are non-protein organic compounds that are used along with the enzymes and help to carry forward the reaction. Coenzymes cannot perform on their own alone.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is associated with the redox reactions in metabolism. Its reduced form is NADPH and oxidized form is
A phosphate group is characterized by a phosphorous atom bonded to four oxygen atoms through three single bonds and one double bond. The chemical formula of the phosphate group is
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Chapter 24 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- Use arrow-pushing to show how the glycerol phosphate reacts with the base :B and NAD* to form DHAP. Show the products of the reaction, including the structure of DHAP. The image can be selected for copying and pasting. :B O-H 2. HO-CH-C-CH-O-Pi H H H NAD*arrow_forwardConsider the reaction: malate + NAD+ → oxaloacetate + NADH + H+. Calculate ΔE°’ for the reaction.arrow_forwardThe reaction pictured is an oxidation-reduction reaction in the citric acid cycle in which the energy-carrier molecule NADH is generated. Identify which molecule in the reaction will be oxidized and which molecule will be reduced. Place a single answer choice in each box. COO- HO-C-H H-C-H COO- Malate NAD+ NADH + H+ Oxidized malate oxaloacetate COO- H-C-H ī COO- Oxaloacetate Reduced NADH NAD+arrow_forward
- What do you mean by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)?arrow_forwardThe reaction catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase involves two "sub-reactions", one of which is unfavourable. How is the energy barrier of this unfavourable sub reaction overcome? A. through the formation and hydrolysis of a thioester bond using a cysteine molecule in the enzyme B. through the hydrolysis of an ATP molecule C. through the hydrolysis of a thioester bond in the substrate molecule D. the enzyme catalyzes the formation of a thioester bond E. none of these explanations describe how the energy barrier is overcome Please answer asaparrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzymes that catalyzes each of the following reactions.1. Hydrolysis of Lactose 2. Oxidation of Nitrate3. Decarboxylation of Citrate4. Reduction of Exalatearrow_forward
- Regarding phosphofructokinase, which of the following statements is true: a. Low [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. b. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. c. The enzyme is more active at low [ATP] than at high, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme. d. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true? Explain. I. ATP synthesis will cease to occur when the electron flow is blocked by cyanide. II. 2,4-DNP allows electron flow to continue in the ETC without the synthesis of ATP. III. -ΔG is the quantity that signifies that the reaction is SPONTANEOUS.arrow_forwardA student is trying to determine the mechanism for a reaction that uses ATP to activate a carboxylate ion, which then reacts with a thiol. If the carboxyl-ate ion attacks the g-phosphorus of ATP, the reaction products are the thioester, ADP, and phosphate. However, whether it attacks the a-phosphorus or the b-phosphorus of ATP cannot be determined from the reaction products because the thioester, AMP, and pyrophosphate would be the products in both reactions. The mechanisms can be distinguished by a labeling experiment in which the enzyme, the carboxylate ion, ATP, and radioactively labeled pyro-phosphate are incubated, and then the ATP is isolated. If the isolated ATP is radioactive, attack occurred on the a-phosphorus. If it is not radioactive, then attack occurred on the b-phosphorus. Explain these conclusions.arrow_forward
- Suggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. Oxidation of nitrite Decarboxylation of citrate Reduction of oxalatearrow_forwardGive the two reasons why anabolic reactions in metabolism are not exactly the reverse of catabolic pathway.arrow_forwardWhich class of enzymes catalyzes the following reactions? CH2- CH2- CH2 H2- C- CH2 AST CH2-C CH2 CH-NH + C=O + C=0 + CH-NH ČO0 Čo0 ČO0 ČO0" Aspartate Oxoglutarate Oxaloacetate Glutamate Select one: a. Oxidoreductase O b. Isomerase O c. Ligase d. Transferasearrow_forward
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