Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: To determine the number of ATP molecules that are produced from the complete oxidation of 1 glucose molecule during the citric acid cycle.
Concept introduction: The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions in which acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) is used to produce
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life and provides energy to carry out the
(b)
Interpretation: To determine the number of ATP molecules that are produced from the complete oxidation of 1 glucose molecule during the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
Concept introduction: The Citric acid cycle is a series of biochemical reactions in which acetyl CoA (produced by oxidation of pyruvate) is used to produce
Electron transfer chain is defined as a series of biochemical reactions in which the electrons and hydrogen ions
In the oxidative phosphorylation process, the electrons and hydrogen ions
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that is defined as the energy currency of life and provides energy to carry out the metabolic processes in the living cells.
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EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- The ATP produce in the citric acid cycle is by substrate-level phosphorylation. * A. True B. Falsearrow_forwardMatch the description with the correct enzyme : A. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase Serves a as a direct link between citric acid cycle and electron transport chain B. Succinate dehydrogenase v Uses alpha-keto carboxylic acid as a substrate C. Alcohol dehydrogenase Does not contribute electron carriers to oxidative phosphorylation D. NADH dehydrogenase E. Isocitrate dehydrogenase F. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complexarrow_forwardidentify the reactions of the citric acid cycle that provide reducing power for the electron-transport chain a. conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate b. conversion of fumarate to malate c. conversion of succinate to fumarate d. conversion of malate to oxaloacetatearrow_forward
- Fatty acids are catabolized by a process called beta-oxidation. One of the products of beta- oxidation is acetyl CoA. Given this information, the products of beta-oxidation will most likely be incorporated into which stage of cellular respiration? A the citric acid cycle B C D glycolysis oxidative phosphorylation the link reactionarrow_forwardWhich of the following citric acid cycle intermediates is decarboxylated during the operation of the cycle? A. More than one correct response B. No correct response C. Isocitrate D. Succinate E. Oxaloacetatearrow_forwardConcerning the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle), which of the following statements is false? a. Substrate level phosphorylation in the TCA cycle produces 2 GTP per the oxidation of a single glucose molecule b. The TCA cycle generates electron carriers c. Oxidation of pyruvate in the matrix of the mitochondria produces sixteen total electrons d. The fate of the carbonyl carbon of acetyl CoAin the TCA cycle is to be lost as CO2 in the second turn e. Radiolabeling of the methyl carbon of pyruvate in the TCA cycle shows the carbon signal to split through successive turnsarrow_forward
- A total of 32 mol of ATP can be produced by the complete oxidation of 1 mol of glucose in the liver. Indicate the number of these moles of ATP produced by a. glycolysis b. the citric acid cycle c. the electron transport chain and oxidative d. phosphorylationarrow_forwardSteps in oxidative phosphorylation involves all of the following except 11. a. The phosphorylation energy is supplied by ATP metabolism b. Electron transfer chain moves electron from NADH and FADH2 to O2 c. Phosphorylation of ADP to ATP catalyzed by ATP synthase d. Electron do not flow to oxygen unless ATP is needed 12. List factors that can activate glucokinase for glucose metabolism in the liver 13. What are the functions of macromolecules with examples? Write the general balanced equation that shows the catabolism of glucose (GLYCOSLYSIS) to ATPS, carbon dioxide, and water. Include in the equation the formation of ATP from ADP and phosphate and oxygen utilization. 14. 15. What is post-translational processing of proteins and list 3 things that can happen to the proteins synthesized at this stage:arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the second step of Citric Acid Cycle? Select one: a. Isocitrate and then decarboxylated and oxidized to produce alpha-ketoglutarate, Carbon dioxide and NADH b. Succinyl-CoA becomes Succinate and forms one ATP molecule and Coenzyme A-SH c. alpha-ketoglutarate is oxidized and decarboxylated to produce Succinyl-CoA, Carbon dioxide and NADH d. Malate is oxidized to become oxaloacetate forming NADH e. Fumarate is combined with water to become Malate f. Citrate is rearranged to become Isocitrate g. Pyruvate is decarboxylated to become acetyl-CoA producing NADH and Carbon dioxide h. Oxaloacetate combines with the acetyl from acetyl-CoA to produce Citric acid(citrate) i. Succinate is oxidized to become fumarate forming FADH2arrow_forward
- The initial step of the citric acid cycle is a. Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA b. Formation of ? -ketoglutarate catalysed by isocitrate dehydrogenase c. Condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate d. Conversion of citrate to isocitratearrow_forwardBeside each compound listed, indicate what stage or stages of cellular respiration it is associated with by placing an 'X' in each applicable box. Compound Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Kreb's Cycle ETC/Chemiosmosis a. ATP b. Acetyl-CoA c. Citric Acid d. Coenzyme A e. Glucose f. Pyruvate g. FADH2 h. ATP synthase i. CO2 j. H2O k. O2arrow_forwarda- Krebs cycle is the subsequent pathway of glycolysis. Although, pyruvate is the last product of glycolysis why the Krebs cycle does not initiate with pyruvate? b-Describe the roles of the NADH and FADH2 in glucose break down reactions.arrow_forward