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Concept explainers
Interpretation: To identify the fate of the third pyruvate carbon atom in ethanol fermentation.
Concept introduction: Pyruvate is the end product in the glycolysis. The production of the fate of pyruvate varies with the nature of the organism and the cellular conditions. The three common fates of pyruvate are as follows:
Aerobic reactions need oxygen while anaerobic reactions don’t need oxygen. The fermentation process is an alternative method that oxidized NADH to
Pyruvate
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Chapter 24 Solutions
EBK GENERAL, ORGANIC, AND BIOLOGICAL CH
- At first glance, the final steps in fermentation appear to be unnecessary: the generation of lactate or ethanol does not produce any additional energy for the cell. Explain why cells growing in the absence of oxygen could not simply discard pyruvate as a waste product. Which products derived from glucose would accumulate in cells unable to generate either lactate or ethanol by fermentation?arrow_forwardWhat metabolic products are formed from pyruvate in each case: a) anaerobic conditions in the body b) anaerobic conditions in yeast c) aerobic conditionsarrow_forwarda) In the presence of oxygen, the products of glycolysis undergo another reaction. In this reaction, the products of glycolysis react with coenzyme A to produce the following. + COA ---> + NAD+arrow_forward
- Consider the steps of the krebs cycle and electron carrier chain and answer: a) How many ATPs are produced from 10 Pyruvato molecules? b) How many ATPs are produced from 12 Acetyl CoA molecules?arrow_forwardWhich of the following intermediates of the TCA cycle has 5 carbons? (Hint: You don't need to have memorized specific structures for this question, just recall what molecules the TCA cycle starts with and where in the cycle carbons are lost as CO2 ). a) Fumarate b) None of the above c) Succinyl CoA d) Citrate e) Oxaloacetatearrow_forwardConcerning the use of pyruvate when ratio of NADH/NAD+ is low, what is the fate of the carbon labeled in pyruvate when metabolized under these conditions? a) Production of glucose b) Oxidation to CO2 via the TCA cycle c) Conversion to pyruvate to generate oxaloacetate to move electrons to the cytosol via the malate shuttle d) Pyruvate is never metabolized by the cell, instead pyruvate is converted to lactate and solely exported for the Cori cycle and dependent on the liver to recycle the carbon skeletonarrow_forward
- which of the following functions matches with the coenzyme functions: a.) facilitate redox reaction in the anabolic pathway b.) carry acyl group via a thioester bond c.) facilitate redox reaction involving C=O in the catabolic pathway d.) facilitate redox reaction involving C=C CoEnzymes to pair the functions from: NAD+ FAD NADP+ Coenzyme Aarrow_forwardthe reaction catalyzed by glyceradehyde 3-phosphate dehydrigenase is based on NAD+ and a active site cysteine. Also another phosphate group is added. what is the reason for that? a) because one ATP is consumed b) an inorganic phosphate is activated for ATP synthesis C) NADH can be recycld and than converted back to NAD+ for glycolysis d) because one ATP is generatedarrow_forwardIn order to metabolize lactose, most infants express the enzyme lactase in their intestines. How many pyruvate molecules and NADH molecules can be generated in glycolysis from one lactose molecule? Please explain. How many ATP molecules will be used and generated by 1 lactose molecule? Please explain.arrow_forward
- What is the fate of the radioactive label when each of the following pairs of compounds is added to a cell extract containing the enzymes and cofactors of the glycolytic pathway, the citric acid cycle, and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? The 14C label is noted with an *. || + unlabelled oxaloacetate a) H3C- * pyruvate b) unlabelled pyruvate + H2 охaloacetate Guidelines Show enough structures along the way so your logic can be followed. You do not need to show every structure along the way. • Go around the citric acid cycle until all of the label has come off as CO2 (or until you can see a pattern develop - you can then just state the pattern in words). If you need to go around the citric acid cycle more than once (it won't for this problem!), assume that the acetyl CoA that enters on all subsequent turns is not labeled.arrow_forwardThere are three steps in the Kreb cycle (beginning at pyruvate) where a single carbon is removed. In which steps do they occur?arrow_forwardWhen the cells of our body are in dire need to synthesize Ribose 5 phosphate and it has already enough supply of NADPH, reverse non oxidative pathway of the HMP shunt pathway takes place. If the cell has 10 glucose 6 phosphate molecules, how many of these would be converted to Fructose 6 phosphate and how many to form glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate respectively to synthesize maximum number of Ribose 5 phosphate? 8:2 2:8 4:6 6:4arrow_forward
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